Social Dimensions of Community Festivals: An Application of Factor Analysis in the Development of the Social Impact Perception (SIP) Scale

Abstract

The increasing popularity of festivals and events, coupled with their positive and negative impacts on host communities, has led to a growing body of research on the social impacts of festivals and events. To date, work by several authors represents research in impact scale development specifically related to the social impacts of festivals and events. This article reports on the scale developed by Small and Edwards in 2003, now known as the Social Impact Perception (SIP) scale, which measures residents' perceptions of the social impacts resulting from community festivals. The aim of this study was to test the SIP scale using a larger sample, allowing for further refinement of the scale using exploratory factor analysis. This research represents development of the SIP scale, and is in line with the refinement of other event impact scales, to which factor analysis has also been applied. This represents the most recent stage of this research, which has the aim of refining the SIP scale and identifying the underlying dimensions of the social impacts of community festivals. Factor analysis identified six underlying dimensions of the social impacts of community festivals: inconvenience, community identity and cohesion, personal frustration, entertainment and socialization opportunities, community growth and development, and behavioral consequences.

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE A PERCEPÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS DO TURISMO E OS FATORES PESSOAIS: Uma análise do Destino Trujillo, Peru

“…Porém, a maioria destes foca em analisar apenas um tipo de impacto, onde nesta perspectiva, um grande número de estudos sobre impactos econômicos e sociais tem surgido na literatura (Fredline, Jago, & Deery, 2003;Kim, Uysal, & Sirgy, 2013;Small, 2007;Bagiran & Kurgun, 2013;Davies, Coleman, & Ramchandani, 2013 (Guerreiro et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2013;Milito; (Trott, 2007, p. 27).…”

“…A presença constante de turistas, apesar de promover maior lotação e uso de serviços públicos, ainda pode trazer significativos benefícios que afetam diversos setores da comunidade local, através do aumento do consumo proporcionado pela presença de visitantes oriundos de outras regiões (Small, 2007). Quando os produtos de uma empresa possuem maior procura, maior será a receita liquida desta, sendo garantia de melhores salários e/ou comissões aos funcionários e maiores investimentos empresariais em produtos e oferta de emprego no destino (Prayag et al, 2013).…”

Rethinking the Social Value of Sport Events Through an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) Perspective

“…It should be noted, however, that these impact categories tend to interrelate and overlap; for example, an improvement in transport and communications (physical) can influence interaction and cooperation among people (social), whereas urban transformation and renewal (physical) may result in job creation (economic) and/or social dislocation problems (social). Impacts should therefore not be seen in isolation but in concert with each other, and they cannot be viewed as solely positive or negative as potential knock-on effects may be differently perceived in various contexts (Small, 2007;Small, Edwards, & Sheridan, 2005). For example, liminal spaces can enable increased interactivity and celebration at sport events which may result in a party-like atmosphere.…”

The London Summer 2012 Olympic Games: Threat of Disruption and Business Reaction

“…However, Flyvberg, Bruzelius, and Rothengatter (2003) believe academics need to reflect critically on the effects of hosting these events, especially their social-cultural impacts (Boyko, 2008;Cegielski & Mules, 2002;Fredline, 2005;Richards et al, 2007;Small et al, 2007). Delivering the Games often requires government subsidies and places increased demands on public services (Chalip & Leynes, 2002).…”