Social cognition and social judgment in schizophrenia

Langdon, Robyn; Connors, Michael H.; Connaughton, Emily

doi:10.1016/j.scog.2014.10.001

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As discussed before, social cognition is a multifaceted construct that comprises both the understanding of the mental states of others in a given social context as well as more declarative knowledge about abstract rules and the typical characteristics that are associated with others as a function of their group membership [8,11] . Importantly, both aspects are critical to social functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, judgments provided by individuals with schizophrenia about the appropriateness of social behaviors in relation to existing social norms do not significantly differ from the judgments of healthy control respondents [8] . It has been proposed that most people who develop schizophrenia acquire relevant social knowledge before the illness onset, and this declarative knowledge may be retained after that onset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Stereotype Knowledge and Endorsement in Schizophrenia

Castelli

D'Alpaos²,

Carraro³

et al. 2017

Psychopathology

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Background: Social cognition is severely impaired in schizophrenia. Emotion processing, attributional biases, and theory of mind are often impaired, as well as the understanding of shared social knowledge. So far, little is known about stereotype knowledge and endorsement in schizophrenia. Sampling and Methods: White patients with schizophrenia and matched healthy respondents reported both their personal beliefs and the predicted beliefs of other people toward Black (study 1) and Gypsy individuals (study 2). Results: Results showed that respondents in the clinical sample displayed less stereotype endorsement as compared to the matched healthy respondents. Most importantly, the contents of the responses provided by the 2 samples were strongly overlapped. Conclusions: Findings indicate that individuals with schizophrenia tend to hold less negative attitudes toward stigmatized outgroups and, most notably, that knowledge about culturally transmitted stereotypes is relatively preserved in schizophrenia. Future research should address the generalizability of the findings in relation to the perception of other stigmatized social groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Stereotype Knowledge and Endorsement in Schizophrenia

Castelli

D'Alpaos²,

Carraro³

et al. 2017

Psychopathology

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“…Deliberative mentalizing was assessed using two, more traditional story-based tests that have been used previously to assess explicit understanding of causal mental states that are about, yet separate from, reality (e.g., false beliefs and deception). The first was a classic 4-story test of first-order and second-order understanding of false beliefs and deception (see, e.g., Frith & Corcoran, 1996;Harrington, Langdon, Siegert, & Mcclure, 2005;Langdon, Connors, & Connaughton, 2014). Participants read four short stories with accompanying cartoons and answered directed questions immediately after each (and with the story details still visible).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairments of spontaneous and deliberative mentalizing co‐occur, yet dissociate, in schizophrenia

Langdon

Flynn

Connaughton

et al. 2017

British J Clinic Psychol

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Findings People with schizophrenia were less likely than controls to spontaneously attribute causal mental states when viewing dynamic signals of emotionally driven and goal-driven behaviours. These impairments were even more pronounced when participants were instructed to think of the stimuli as people, suggesting that perceiving others in social roles does not prompt people with schizophrenia to anthropomorphize about others as agents motivated by their own inner worlds. Impairments of spontaneous mentalizing were found to co-occur independently with explicit mentalizing deficits in schizophrenia, consistent with the claim that humans can access two distinct systems for understanding others' minds. Findings suggest that interventions to improve conscious deliberative mentalizing in schizophrenia may not be enough; we also need to target implicit mentalizing processes. Limitations The patient sample was chronic and only mildly symptomatic. As such, findings cannot be generalized to other stages and phases of the illness. All patients were also medicated, allowing for the possibility that automatic responses to socially salient stimuli may have been pharmacologically attenuated. Future research may examine whether unmedicated young people at ultra-high risk of psychosis show a similar profile of mentalizing impairment. Future work may also examine whether impairments of deliberative and spontaneous mentalizing associate differentially with social functioning and different cognitive domains in schizophrenia.

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“…Specifically, when identifying the emotions and mental states of others, individuals with schizophrenia are more likely both to be incorrect and to report higher confidence in their incorrect responses (Köther et al, 2012; Langdon et al, 2014; Moritz et al, 2012). Thus, individuals with schizophrenia seem to have difficulty determining when they are likely to have misjudged a social situation; this may negatively impact social interactions and may be due to challenges in estimating the level of difficulty of the social demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assessment of social cognitive ability in individuals with schizophrenia: Appraising task difficulty and allocation of effort

Cornacchio

Pinkham

Penn

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

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Patients with severe mental illnesses manifest substantial deficits in self-assessment of the abilities that impact everyday functioning. This study compares patients with schizophrenia to healthy individuals on their social cognitive performance, their assessment of that performance, and the convergence between performance and indicators of effort in solving tasks. Patients with schizophrenia (n=57) and healthy controls (HC; n=47) completed the Bell-Lysaker Emotion Recognition Test (BLERT), a psychometrically sound assessment of emotion recognition. Participants rated their confidence in the accuracy of their responses after each item. Participants were instructed to respond as rapidly as possible without sacrificing accuracy; the time to complete each item was recorded. Patients with schizophrenia performed less accurately on the BLERT than HC. Both patients and HC were more confident on items that they correctly answered than for items with errors, with patients being less confident overall; there was no significant interaction for confidence between group and accuracy. HC demonstrated a more substantial adjustment of response time to task difficulty by taking considerably longer to solve items that they got wrong, whereas patients showed only a minimal adjustment. These results expand knowledge about both self-assessment of social cognitive performance and the ability to appraise difficulty and adjust effort to social cognitive task demands in patients with schizophrenia.

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Social cognition and social judgment in schizophrenia

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Stereotype Knowledge and Endorsement in Schizophrenia

Stereotype Knowledge and Endorsement in Schizophrenia

Impairments of spontaneous and deliberative mentalizing co‐occur, yet dissociate, in schizophrenia

Self-assessment of social cognitive ability in individuals with schizophrenia: Appraising task difficulty and allocation of effort

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