Social capital of entrepreneurs in a developing country: The effect of gender on access to and requests for resources

Solano, Giacomo; Rooks, Gerrit

doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.003

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Forty studies examined the proportion of same-gender contacts, without accounting for the availability of men and women in the professional context. These studies found that men nearly always had a higher proportion of same-gender contacts than women, regardless of tie content (e.g., Aten, DiRenzo, & Shatnawi, 2017; Solano & Rooks, 2018). Women’s instrumental and successfully mobilized networks were composed of mostly opposite-gender (men) contacts.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

Whether, How, and Why Networks Influence Men’s and Women’s Career Success: Review and Research Agenda

Woehler

Cullen-Lester

Porter

et al. 2020

Journal of Management

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Substantial research has documented challenges women experience building and benefiting from networks to achieve career success. Yet fundamental questions remain regarding which aspects of men’s and women’s networks differ and how differences impact their careers. To spur future research to address these questions, we present an integrative framework to clarify how and why gender and networks—in concert—may explain career inequality. We delineate two distinct, complementary explanations: (1) unequal network characteristics (UNC) asserts that men and women have different network characteristics, which account for differences in career success; (2) unequal network returns (UNR) asserts that even when men and women have the same network characteristics, they yield different degrees of career success. Further, we explain why UNC and UNR emerge by identifying mechanisms related to professional contexts, actors, and contacts. Using this framework, we review evidence of UNC and UNR for specific network characteristics. We found that men’s and women’s networks are similar in structure (i.e., size, openness, closeness, contacts’ average and structural status) but differ in composition (i.e., proportion of men, same-gender, and kin contacts). Many differences mattered for career success. We identified evidence of UNC only (same-gender contacts), UNR only (actors’ and contacts’ network openness, contacts’ relative status), neither UNC nor UNR (size), and both UNC and UNR (proportion of men contacts). Based on these initial findings, we offer guidance to organizations aiming to address inequality resulting from gender differences in network creation and utilization, and we present a research agenda for scholars to advance these efforts.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 98%

Whether, How, and Why Networks Influence Men’s and Women’s Career Success: Review and Research Agenda

Woehler

Cullen-Lester

Porter

et al. 2020

Journal of Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(2018) confirmed that wheat farmer's income not only depends on the farming business but also on the access of agricultural credit sources. Similarly, Ngeno (2018) , and Solano and Rooks (2018) considered both access to credit and socioeconomic attributes for the enhancement of farm household well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Credit constraints and rural farmers’ welfare in an agrarian economy

Amanullah

Lakhan

Channa

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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This study aims to determine the impact of credit constraints on wheat farmers' welfare. For this study, data on 575 wheat farmers were collected through a simple random sampling technique. The treatment-effect model was used to find the effect of credit constraints on the farmers' welfare. In addition, to control for the problem of endogeneity, ordinary least squares and logistic regressions were employed. Farmers' welfare was measured by as consumption. The results show that constrained farmers cultivate 2.8–4.1% more area of land than unconstrained farmers but that the spending and income per capita of credit-constrained farmers are 18.9 to 13.8% lower, respectivley, than those of unconstrained farmers. Moreover, the results indicate that the welfare and income of credit-constrained farmers are influenced by age, the interest rate, area of land, and family size. An increase in the area of land enhances wellbeing and returns for the constrained farmer, which is in contrast to the unconstrained farmer. The results show that credit constraints have a negative impact on farmers' welfare and income. Better welfare may only be achieved if credit is supplied to credit-constrained farmers. Furthermore, this study has potentially significant implications. First, the negative impact of the interest rate suggests that the State Bank of Pakistan should modify agricultural credit policies, particularly to design a flexible interest rate for farmers. Second, the central bank should amend the agricultural credit limits based on the current financial needs of the agricultural market when the rate of inflation is high and the impact of agricultural crises is long and drawn-out. Third, the government should launch an agricultural Islamic bank in the study area. This Islamic bank would support religious farmers who are constrained due to objections to interest, and it would relax the farmers’ credit constraints as well as help them to increase welfare and income.

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“…Women are generally more constrained to resources such as land and credit, while their contribution to agricultural development could be significant (Doss et al., 2018; Solano and Rooks, 2018; Drucza and Peveri, 2018; Moro et al., 2017). For instance, Doss et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of studies dealing with the impact of agricultural credit (Porgo et al., 2017, 2018; Awotide et al., 2015; Asiedu et al., 2013 Diagne and Zeller, 2001) focus only on whether a famer has access to credit or not (yes or no), while it may be constrained in getting the full amount of credit that is requested. Farmers' welfare does not only depend on the access to agricultural credit, but also on the socioeconomic characteristics (Ngeno, 2018; Solano and Rooks, 2018; Moro et al., 2017; Abdulai, 2016; Oh et al., 2008). This study aims to assess the impact of access to the agricultural credit on soybean farmers' welfare in terms of economic utility (soybean production and net revenue) in subsistence agriculture in Togo by focusing on gender aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Credit constraints and soybean farmers' welfare in subsistence agriculture in Togo

Ali

Awade

2019

Heliyon

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This study assesses the impact of credit constraints on soybean farmers' welfare in subsistence agriculture in Togo. In order to control potential sample selection bias, the endogenous switching regression method was adopted and data collected from a random sample of 500 soybean farmers were used. The results showed that farmers' age, being a member of the soybean organization and selling the soybean to a recognized NGO or to a private organization and growing cotton or cashew are the main determinants of access to full amount of credit. The results show a discrimination against gender in accessing the full amount of credit. Formal education and participating in the extension programs would increase farmers' welfare. Increasing land cultivation would increase women's welfare compared to men. Adopting intercropping technique as conservation agriculture has positive and significant impact on women's welfare. Moreover, having access to the full amount of credit increases soybean production by 1.35% and farmers' revenue by 1.32%, compared to farmers without having access to the full amount of credit. These results suggest the rethinking of the role of agricultural credit in soybean farmers' welfare in the study areas with great attention to the gender dimension.

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Social capital of entrepreneurs in a developing country: The effect of gender on access to and requests for resources

Cited by 32 publications

References 85 publications

Whether, How, and Why Networks Influence Men’s and Women’s Career Success: Review and Research Agenda

Whether, How, and Why Networks Influence Men’s and Women’s Career Success: Review and Research Agenda

Credit constraints and rural farmers’ welfare in an agrarian economy

Credit constraints and soybean farmers' welfare in subsistence agriculture in Togo

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