Credit constraints and rural farmers’ welfare in an agrarian economy

Abstract

This study aims to determine the impact of credit constraints on wheat farmers' welfare. For this study, data on 575 wheat farmers were collected through a simple random sampling technique. The treatment-effect model was used to find the effect of credit constraints on the farmers' welfare. In addition, to control for the problem of endogeneity, ordinary least squares and logistic regressions were employed. Farmers' welfare was measured by as consumption. The results show that constrained farmers cultivate 2.8–4.1% more area of land than unconstrained farmers but that the spending and income per capita of credit-constrained farmers are 18.9 to 13.8% lower, respectivley, than those of unconstrained farmers. Moreover, the results indicate that the welfare and income of credit-constrained farmers are influenced by age, the interest rate, area of land, and family size. An increase in the area of land enhances wellbeing and returns for the constrained farmer, which is in contrast to the unconstrained farmer. The results show that credit constraints have a negative impact on farmers' welfare and income. Better welfare may only be achieved if credit is supplied to credit-constrained farmers. Furthermore, this study has potentially significant implications. First, the negative impact of the interest rate suggests that the State Bank of Pakistan should modify agricultural credit policies, particularly to design a flexible interest rate for farmers. Second, the central bank should amend the agricultural credit limits based on the current financial needs of the agricultural market when the rate of inflation is high and the impact of agricultural crises is long and drawn-out. Third, the government should launch an agricultural Islamic bank in the study area. This Islamic bank would support religious farmers who are constrained due to objections to interest, and it would relax the farmers’ credit constraints as well as help them to increase welfare and income.

Kajian Kesejahteraan Petani kelapa Sawit Di Desa Talang Makmur Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat

“…Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesejahteraan dan pendapatan petani yang terkendala kredit dipengaruhi oleh usia, tingkat bunga, luas lahan, dan ukuran keluarga. Peningkatan luas lahan meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan pengembalian bagi petani yang dibatasi, yang berbeda dengan petani yang tidak dibatasi (Amanullah et al, 2020). Distribusi frekuensi petani berdasarkan luas lahan usahatani kelapa sawit di Desa Talang Makmur dapat di lihat pada Grafik 4 di bawah ini: Sumber : Data primer diolah (2021)…”

Farmers’ challenges on chili farming in the acid dry land : A case study from Pasir Madang-Bogor Regency, Indonesia

“…Lack of capital often happened to the majority of farmers (71%) during conducted chili farming (Table 6), especially to buy inputs such as pesticides, fertilizer and pay labor. Capital deficiency is a common obstacle that farmers were facing as they got low profit [19]. It also often becomes a challenge for farmers to expand their business [20].…”

The development of a conceptual rural logistics system model to improve products distribution in Indonesia

“…The global demand for food materials from agriculture has increased due to the world population growth. However, farmers face many hardships such as minimum productivity from labor, low profits, financial constraints and environmental problems, causing a decline in agricultural production (Amanullah, Lakhan, Channa, Magsi, Koondher, Wang et al, 2020;Mishra, Singh & Rana, 2022). The scarcity of food materials is due to farm areas and disruptions in the distribution of products from the source to consumers because of the speculators who control prices and supply (Wen, Khalid, Mahmood & Zakaria, 2021).…”