Social and ecological effectiveness of large marine protected areas

Ban, Natalie C.; Davies, Tammy E.; Aguilera, Stacy E.; Brooks, Cassandra M.; Cox, Michael; Epstein, Graham; Evans, Louisa; Maxwell, Sara M.; Nenadović, Mateja

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.01.003

Cited by 127 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…More effective MPA design, implementation, and management can then be achieved by building on success and learning from failure. Some of these lessons may be transferable between MPAs; however, some others may not as the importance of the factors determining MPA effectiveness depends on the spatial scale of the MPA (Ban et al, 2017;Giakoumi et al, 2017) as well as the socio-cultural, political, and legislative context in which the MPA is established (Gill et al, 2017).…”

Section: Enforcement and Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting “Success” and “Failure” of Marine Protected Areas: A Conservation Scientist Perspective

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine protected areas (MPAs) form the cornerstone of marine conservation. Identifying which factors contribute to their success or failure is crucial considering the international conservation targets for 2020 and the limited funds generally available for marine conservation. We identified common factors of success and/or failure of MPA effectiveness using peer-reviewed publications and first-hand expert knowledge for 27 case studies around the world. We found that stakeholder engagement was considered to be the most important factor affecting MPA success, and equally, its absence, was the most important factor influencing failure. Conversely, while some factors were identified as critical for success, their absence was not considered a driver of failure, and vice versa. This mismatch provided the impetus for considering these factors more critically. Bearing in mind that most MPAs have multiple objectives, including non-biological, this highlights the need for the development and adoption of standardized effectiveness metrics, besides biological considerations, to measure factors contributing to the success or failure of MPAs to reach their objectives. Considering our conclusions, we suggest the development of specific protocols for the assessment of stakeholder engagement, the role of leadership, the capacity of enforcement and compliance with MPAs objectives. Moreover, factors defining the success and failure of MPAs should be assessed not Giakoumi et al. MPA Success and Failure only by technical experts and the relevant authorities, but also by other stakeholder groups whose compliance is critical for the successful functioning of an MPA. These factors should be considered along with appropriate ecological, social, and economic data and then incorporated into adaptive management to improve MPA effectiveness.

show abstract

Section: Enforcement and Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting “Success” and “Failure” of Marine Protected Areas: A Conservation Scientist Perspective

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…) from MPAs into adjacent fisheries and/or increase in the size of individuals, resulting in increased commercial catch (Roberts and Sargant ), particularly for older MPAs with high enforcement (Ban et al. ). Whether MPAs provide benefits to fisheries will depend on a range of features, including (1) source–sink dynamics of the fish population, (2) size of an MPA relative to the home range of fish species (Ovando et al.…”

Section: The Market Benefits Of Marine Protected Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the economic benefits and costs of highly‐protected marine protected areas

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an increasingly popular, but debated, management strategy to conserve marine biodiversity and ensure sustainable human use of the oceans. Economic studies can contribute to the debate about MPAs as a management option by evaluating their benefits and costs to society. In this paper, we outline how to evaluate the economic benefits and costs of MPAs and provide examples from the literature to demonstrate the methods described. We review challenges and opportunities of different economic methods. One key challenge is to meaningfully compare market and non‐market benefits of MPAs—this comparison is complicated by the scarcity of studies that quantify the non‐market benefits of MPAs. Another key challenge is to quantify how the value of marine areas may change with and without MPAs. Costs are often easier to estimate than benefits, but some costs—such as maintenance and compliance costs—are rarely recognized. Analytical choices will influence the identified economic costs and benefits of MPAs. For example, the spatial extent of analyses will influence what changes in underlying ecological processes are captured and conclusions about the equitable distribution of costs and benefits across society. For these reasons, it is important that managers are aware of the challenges and opportunities described here, so that they can obtain and use the best‐quality economic information to guide decision making about MPAs.

show abstract

“…Conflict can also exacerbate non-participation problems and lead to ecologically focused decisions and poor social justice outcomes for local people over large areas (Ban et al 2017;Bennett et al 2017;Mitchell 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger sites involve many stakeholders, multiple levels of decision-making, and complex governance interactions (Dale et al 2016;Gruby et al 2016). Adequate consultation is more challenging , and large scales pose particular problems for contextualizing policy and engaging local people in monitoring and enforcement (Ban et al 2017;Mitchell 2017). The blanket application of MPA tools to large marine sites is also highly problematic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather than resolving conservation problems, poorly contextualized policy can in fact exacerbate conflict and compliance issues (Agardy, di Sciara, and Christie 2011;Agardy, Claudet, and Day 2016), and prohibit conservation outcomes across diverse coastal and marine contexts (National Research Council Staff 2001;Warner and Pomeroy 2012;Leenhardt et al 2013). Contextualization problems are acute in large sites involving diverse socio-political, economic, and institutional values and processes Ban et al 2017;Mitchell 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding How Policy Actors Improvise and Collaborate in the Great Barrier Reef

Vella

Baresi

2017

Coastal Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social and ecological effectiveness of large marine protected areas

Cited by 127 publications

References 51 publications

Revisiting “Success” and “Failure” of Marine Protected Areas: A Conservation Scientist Perspective

Revisiting “Success” and “Failure” of Marine Protected Areas: A Conservation Scientist Perspective

Estimating the economic benefits and costs of highly‐protected marine protected areas

Understanding How Policy Actors Improvise and Collaborate in the Great Barrier Reef

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About