Sobrecarga gerada pelo convívio com o portador de esquizofrenia: enfermagem construindo o cuidado à família

Abstract

A esquizofrenia é doença mental crônico-degenerativa, em que o portador apresenta dificuldades para o autocuidado. Em razão da desinstitucionalização, a vivência cotidiana acarreta sobrecarga aos familiares. O objetivo, aqui, foi analisar o grau de sobrecarga do principal cuidador que convive com o portador de esquizofrenia, em um hospital de emergência psiquiátrica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram dez familiares, em um período de quinze dias para coleta de dados. Utilizou-se a escala de sobrecarga dos familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos, analisados pela escala Likert. Foram encontradas sobrecargas elevadas na rotina diária do familiar e intenso abalo da sua saúde mental, sendo fundamental que a enfermagem inclua as famílias no tratamento, diminuindo as sobrecargas.

Saúde Mental no Sistema Único de Saúde: mapeamento das contribuições dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial

“…The importance of family in the treatment and quality of life of the patients was highlighted in the articles, in line with other studies (32) also dealing with the clinical treatment (33) . A different review (21) highlighted the need for more research dealing with the relationship between the family and the person with mental disorder.…”

Familiares De Pessoas Com Esquizofrenia: Sentimentos E Atitudes Frente Ao Comportamento Agressivo

“…These people are burdened by demands involving the function of taking care of their relatives with mental problems. This burden combines factors like intense concern, high care frequency, the financial difficulty the disease entails and the bother the care sometimes causes (4) .…”

“…In addition, giving frequent care and being constantly concerned with the patient puts a great strain on the family members. The adversities the caregivers experience require resources that help to live with the sick member and ratifies the idea that they also need care (4) .…”

Ditos acadêmicos do ontem e do hoje acerca do papel da enfermagem no processo e rotina da desinstitucionalização

“…In these latest studies, most families are overburden in everyday routines. When there are strategies for caregivers' participation in family support programs, where they can express feelings and doubts about the pathology, and the possibility to exchange experiences about the disease, there is a significant decrease in the burden felt by the caregiver (38)(39) . Here, the findings on different methodologies are noteworthy, perhaps because in general there is family adaptation regarding living and care, but it is elementary that in several sectors of family life there are stressors, and therefore psychological defenses acting in members of this family.…”