SO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily)

Caltabiano, Tommaso; Romano, R.; Budetta, G.

doi:10.1029/94jd00224

Cited by 126 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…* 2 The SO 2 fluxes are measured by COSPEC (Satsuma-Iwojima, Shinohara et al (2002) and Shinohara (Personal Communication); Aso, Ohta et al (1988); Vulcano, Allard et al (1993); Etna, Caltabiano et al (1994); Popocatépetl, Love et al (1998)). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano’s plume by remote FT-IR observation

et al. 2014

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Remote FT-IR measurements of volcanic plume of Mt. Iwodake, Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan, were carried out in October 1996 to understand plume chemistry of the volcano, especially characteristics of fluorine-bearing species in the plume. The SO 2 /HCl molar ratio in the plume was about 4, that is larger than the ratio in hightemperature gases. The high content of SO 2 is suggested to be caused by sulfur combustion in the crater. An average SiF 4 /HF molar ratio of 0.57 was observed for the plume, which is about one order of magnitude higher than the previously reported ratio. The result shows that SiF 4 is an important species and has similar to even larger contribution for fluorine output from Satsuma-Iwojima volcano than HF. The SiF 4 flux of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano is about 13 t/d, that is the largest SiF 4 flux from volcanoes in the world. The observed SiF 4 /HF ratio cannot be explained only by the high-temperature fumarolic composition of the volcano according to the thermodynamic calculations. The ratio can be explained if contribution of F-rich low-temperature fumaroles to the total gas flux of the volcano is as high as 40%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano’s plume by remote FT-IR observation

et al. 2014

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“…This interpretation has been ascribed to the behaviour of a number of volcanic events in the past, such as the increase in flux observed before the 1991 Mt Pinatubo eruption (Daag et al 1996). Likewise, increasing SO 2 emissions from Mt Etna have been noted prior to a number of eruptions (Caltabiano et al 1994).…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Volcano remote sensing with ground-based spectroscopy

McGonigle

2005

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. The chemical compositions and emission rates of volcanic gases carry important information about underground magmatic and hydrothermal conditions, with application in eruption forecasting. Volcanic plumes are also studied because of their impacts upon the atmosphere, climate and human health. Remote sensing techniques are being increasingly used in this field because they provide real-time data and can be applied at safe distances from the target, even throughout violent eruptive episodes. However, notwithstanding the many scientific insights into volcanic behaviour already achieved with these approaches, technological limitations have placed firm restrictions upon the utility of the acquired data. For instance, volcanic SO 2 emission rate measurements are typically inaccurate (errors can be greater than 100%) and have poor time resolution (ca once per week). Volcanic gas geochemistry is currently being revolutionized by the recent implementation of a new generation of remote sensing tools, which are overcoming the above limitations and are providing degassing data of unprecedented quality. In this article, I review this field at this exciting point of transition, covering the techniques used and the insights thereby obtained, and I speculate upon the breakthroughs that are now tantalizingly close.

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“…Since the 1970s, COSPEC (Stoiber et al, 1983;Caltabiano et al, 1994) and more recently DOAS (McGonigle, 2007) have been the most widely used techniques for ground-based SO 2 flux monitoring. These are applied by scanning across the plume cross section, (McGonigle et al, 2003), or traversing beneath the plume with a vehicle, boat, aircraft, or an unmanned aerial vehicle (McGonigle et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island)

Tamburello

Kantzas

McGonigle

et al. 2011

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The UV camera is becoming an important new tool in the armory of volcano geochemists to derive high time resolution SO 2 flux measurements. Furthermore, the high camera spatial resolution is particularly useful for exploring multiple-source SO 2 gas emissions, for instance the composite fumarolic systems topping most quiescent volcanoes. Here, we report on the first SO 2 flux measurements from individual fumaroles of the fumarolic field of La Fossa crater (Vulcano Island, Aeolian Island), which we performed using a UV camera in two field campaigns: in November 12, 2009 and February 4, 2010. We derived~0.5 Hz SO 2 flux time-series finding fluxes from individual fumaroles, ranging from 2 to 8.7 t d −1 , with a total emission from the entire system of~20 t d −1 and~13 t d −1 , in November 2009 and February 2010 respectively. These data were augmented with molar H 2 S/SO 2 , CO 2 /SO 2 and H 2 O/SO 2 ratios, measured using a portable MultiGAS analyzer, for the individual fumaroles. Using the SO 2 flux data in tandem with the molar ratios, we calculated the flux of volcanic species from individual fumaroles, and the crater as a whole: CO 2 (684 t d −1 and 293 t d −1 ), H 2 S (8 t d −1 and 7.5 t d −1 ) and H 2 O (580 t d −1 and 225 t d −1 ).

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SO₂ flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily)

Cited by 126 publications

References 14 publications

High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano’s plume by remote FT-IR observation

High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano’s plume by remote FT-IR observation

Volcano remote sensing with ground-based spectroscopy

UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island)

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SO2 flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily)

Cited by 126 publications

References 14 publications

High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano’s plume by remote FT-IR observation

High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano’s plume by remote FT-IR observation

Volcano remote sensing with ground-based spectroscopy

UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island)

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SO₂ flux measurements at Mount Etna (Sicily)