UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island)

Tamburello, Giancarlo; Kantzas, Euripides P.; McGonigle, Andrew J. S.; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Giudice, Gaetano

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.10.004

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For instance, spatial information was typically only available heretofore from volcanoes with multiple craters, by the rare occurrence of walking traverse observations made very close to the source [38]. By gathering spatial information, the cameras implicitly provide scope for the resolution of gas fluxes from heterogenous sources, as exploited on Vulcano island (Italy), to measure gas fluxes from individual fumaroles [39]. This capability has also been exploited in respect of multiple vent scenarios, e.g., Fuego (Guatemala) [20] and Mt.…”

Section: Improving the Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

et al. 2017

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Ultraviolet imaging has been applied in volcanology over the last ten years or so. This provides considerably higher temporal and spatial resolution volcanic gas emission rate data than available previously, enabling the volcanology community to investigate a range of far faster plume degassing processes than achievable hitherto. To date, this has covered rapid oscillations in passive degassing through conduits and lava lakes, as well as puffing and explosions, facilitating exciting connections to be made for the first time between previously rather separate sub-disciplines of volcanology. Firstly, there has been corroboration between geophysical and degassing datasets at ≈1 Hz, expediting more holistic investigations of volcanic source-process behaviour. Secondly, there has been the combination of surface observations of gas release with fluid dynamic models (numerical, mathematical, and laboratory) for gas flow in conduits, in attempts to link subterranean driving flow processes to surface activity types. There has also been considerable research and development concerning the technique itself, covering error analysis and most recently the adaptation of smartphone sensors for this application, to deliver gas fluxes at a significantly lower instrumental price point than possible previously. At this decadal juncture in the application of UV imaging in volcanology, this article provides an overview of what has been achieved to date as well as a forward look to possible future research directions.

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Section: Improving the Spatio-temporal Resolution Of Volcanic Degassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

et al. 2017

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“…On Vulcano, this was achieved by manually portering the humidity sensor to points above individual fumaroles with a GPS receiver, to capture time-and position-stamped water vapour concentrations above individual fumaroles. The acquired data were then converted from relative humidity (RH) values (in %), to ppmv, as follows [9,29]:…”

Section: Measurements At La Fossa Crater Vulcano Islandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such data have been derived from locations such as La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island [9], Mt. Etna [10], and the Masaya volcano [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel and Inexpensive Method for Measuring Volcanic Plume Water Fluxes at High Temporal Resolution

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Water vapour (H 2 O) is the dominant species in volcanic gas plumes. Therefore, measurements of H 2 O fluxes could provide valuable constraints on subsurface degassing and magmatic processes. However, due to the large and variable concentration of this species in the background atmosphere, little attention has been devoted to monitoring the emission rates of this species from volcanoes. Instead, the focus has been placed on remote measurements of SO 2 , which is present in far lower abundances in plumes, and therefore provides poorer single flux proxies for overall degassing conditions. Here, we present a new technique for the measurement of H 2 O emissions at degassing volcanoes at high temporal resolution (≈1 Hz), via remote sensing with low cost digital cameras. This approach is analogous to the use of dual band ultraviolet (UV) cameras for measurements of volcanic SO 2 release, but is focused on near infrared absorption by H 2 O. We report on the field deployment of these devices on La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, and the North East Crater of Mt. Etna, during which in-plume calibration was performed using a humidity sensor, resulting in estimated mean H 2 O fluxes of ≈15 kg·s −1 and ≈34 kg·s −1 , respectively, in accordance with previously reported literature values. By combining the Etna data with parallel UV camera and Multi-GAS observations, we also derived, for the first time, a combined record of 1 Hz gas fluxes for the three most abundant volcanic gas species: H 2 O, CO 2 , and SO 2 . Spectral analysis of the Etna data revealed oscillations in the passive emissions of all three species, with periods spanning ≈40-175 s, and a strong degree of correlation between the periodicity manifested in the SO 2 and H 2 O data, potentially related to the similar exsolution depths of these two gases. In contrast, there was a poorer linkage between oscillations in these species and those of CO 2 , possibly due to the deeper exsolution of carbon dioxide, giving rise to distinct periodic degassing behaviour.

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“…Degassing activity has shown signs of intensification in the last few decades, including increased fumarole temperatures (Badalamenti et al, 1991;Chiodini et al, 1995;Capasso et al, 1997), and episodic variations of gas/steam ratios (Chiodini et al, 1996;Capasso et al, 1999;Paonita et al, 2002Paonita et al, , 2013. The CO 2 flux from the La Fossa fumarolic field has been measured previously by Aiuppa et al (2005Aiuppa et al ( , 2006, McGonigle et al (2008), Tamburello et al (2011) andInguaggiato et al (2012). On 11 March 2014, we measured the CO 2 emissions from La Fossa using the measurement configuration of Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO<sub>2</sub> and implications for the global CO<sub>2</sub> budget

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Quantifying the CO 2 flux sustained by lowtemperature fumarolic fields in hydrothermal/volcanic environments has remained a challenge, to date. Here, we explored the potential of a commercial infrared tunable laser unit for quantifying such fumarolic volcanic/hydrothermal CO 2 fluxes. Our field tests were conducted between April 2013 and March 2014 at Nea Kameni (Santorini, Greece), Hekla and Krýsuvík (Iceland) and Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). At these sites, the tunable laser was used to measure the path-integrated CO 2 mixing ratios along cross sections of the fumaroles' atmospheric plumes. By using a tomographic post-processing routine, we then obtained, for each manifestation, the contour maps of CO 2 mixing ratios in the plumes and, from their integration, the CO 2 fluxes. The calculated CO 2 fluxes range from low (5.7 ± 0.9 t d −1 ; Krý-suvík) to moderate (524 ± 108 t d −1 ; La Fossa crater, Vulcano). Overall, we suggest that the cumulative CO 2 contribution from weakly degassing volcanoes in the hydrothermal stage of activity may be significant at the global scale.

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UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island)

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

A Novel and Inexpensive Method for Measuring Volcanic Plume Water Fluxes at High Temporal Resolution

Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO<sub>2</sub> and implications for the global CO<sub>2</sub> budget

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UV camera measurements of fumarole field degassing (La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island)

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

Ultraviolet Imaging of Volcanic Plumes: A New Paradigm in Volcanology

A Novel and Inexpensive Method for Measuring Volcanic Plume Water Fluxes at High Temporal Resolution

Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and implications for the global CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; budget

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Tunable diode laser measurements of hydrothermal/volcanic CO<sub>2</sub> and implications for the global CO<sub>2</sub> budget