So-Cheong-Ryoung-Tang Attenuates Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Experimental Mice

Abstract

So-Cheong-Ryoung-Tang is a traditionally used herbal formula for the treatment of pulmonary diseases in China, Korea, and Japan. We investigated the protective effects of So-Cheong-Ryong-Tang water extract (SCWE) in cigarette smoke concentrate (CSC) stimulated human airway epithelial cell line NCI-H292 and mice exposed cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the CSC-stimulated NCI-H292 cells, SCWE inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by a reduction in their mRNA levels. Also, SCWE significant reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation in CSC-stimulated cells. The mice were exposed to CS for 1 h per day (a total of eight cigarettes per day) for 7 days and received LPS intranasally on day 5. The mice were administered a dose of SCWE (100 and 200 mg/kg) 1 h before CS exposure. In in vivo, SCWE decreased the inflammatory cell count and reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared with CS and LPS exposed mice. SCWE attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in airway induced by CS and LPS exposure, and this decrease was accompanied by a reduction in the expression levels of iNOS and MMP-9 in lung tissue. The extract also inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα) and NF-κB induced by CS and LPS exposure in lung tissue. These results suggest that SCWE may effectively inhibit airway inflammatory responses induced by CS and LPS exposure via the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, SCWE may be a potential treatment for airway inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Triterpene Acids of Loquat Leaf Improve Inflammation in Cigarette Smoking Induced COPD by Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 and NFκB Pathways

“…In CS-induced COPD inflammation, the expression of iNOS notably increased [43,44], which was involved in the activation of NFκB. Anti-inflammatory activity in CS-induced COPD was closely associated with suppression of the NFκB pathway, which resulted in a reduction in iNOS expression [13,45,46]. In the present study, TA treatment could effectively suppress elevated NFκB/iNOS in mice with CS-induced COPD inflammation.…”

“…Growing evidence suggests that lung inflammatory responses and injury are modulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation [7,8]; the effect is probably regulated by a master transcription factor at downstream nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), as regulated Nrf2 can inhibit oxidative stress [9]. CS-induced inflammatory mediator release could cause the airway inflammatory response in COPD, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [10][11][12][13]. It is well documented that, as a member of the transcription factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory mediator and immune regulatory pathways mentioned above [13,14].…”

“…CS-induced inflammatory mediator release could cause the airway inflammatory response in COPD, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [10][11][12][13]. It is well documented that, as a member of the transcription factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory mediator and immune regulatory pathways mentioned above [13,14].…”

Xiao-Qing-Long Tang Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy, Fibrosis, and the Development of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Faction in Rats by Modulating the Composition of the Gut Microbiota

“…The traditional Chinese medicinal compound Xiao-Qing-Long Tang (XQLT), also known as Sho-Seiryu-To in Japan, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in the lung tissues of mice exposed to cigarette smoke concentrate (CSC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [17]. In fact, some molecular pathways and characteristics of inflammation are simultaneously present in myocardial tissue and lung tissue.…”

Efficacy and Safety of Socheongryong-Tang Among Atopic Dermatitis Patients With Respiratory Disorders: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

“…SCRT is a herbal medicine that has been used in East Asia to treat diseases related to the allergic march, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, for hundreds of years ( Shin et al, 2018 ). SCRT is reported to have an “anti-allergic effect” ( Ikeda et al, 2002 ) and an “anti-inflammatory effect” ( Shin et al, 2018 ). However, to date, there have been almost no clinical studies investigating the effects of SCRT for AD.…”