Triterpene Acids of Loquat Leaf Improve Inflammation in Cigarette Smoking Induced COPD by Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 and NFκB Pathways

Jian, Tunyu; Ding, Xiaoqin; Li, Jiawei; Wu, Yaohong; Ren, Bingru; Li, Jing; Han, Li; Chen, Jian; Li, Weilin

doi:10.3390/nu12030657

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It was reported that flavonoids and triterpene acids isolated from loquat leaves inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation in mice with cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Jian et al. 2020a , 2020b ). In addition, loquat leaf and snow pear attenuated airway inflammation and inhibited the allergic response in mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma (Lee et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fermented milk on upper respiratory tract infection in adults who lived in the haze area of Northern China: a randomized clinical trial

Zhang

Miao²,

Su³

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is the most common illness in humans. Fermented milk containing probiotics can mitigate URTI symptoms. Objective This study tests the effect of fermented milk (Qingrun), a yogurt supplemented with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04, on adults with URTIs who live in a haze-covered area in a randomized clinical trial. Materials and methods A total of 136 subjects were enrolled in the study at the baseline and randomized to consume either control yogurt or Qingrun yogurt (250 g) once daily for 12 weeks. The duration and severity of URTI were evaluated by the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey–24. Blood and faecal samples were collected at the baseline and post-intervention, to determine the changes of immune biomarkers. Results Qingrun yogurt significantly reduced the incidence of the common cold (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.17–0.81; p = 0.013) and influenza-like illness (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11–0.97; p = 0.045). Compared to the control yogurt, Qingrun yogurt significantly reduced the duration (1.23 ± 2.73 vs. 4.78 ± 5.09 d) and severity score (3.58 ± 7.12 vs. 11.37 ± 11.73) of URTI. In addition, the post-intervention levels of interferon-γ (139.49 ± 59.49 vs. 113.45 ± 65.12 pg/mL) and secretory immunoglobulin A (529.19 ± 91.70 vs. 388.88 ± 53.83 mg/dL) significantly increased in the Qingrun group, compared with those in the control group. Conclusions Qingrun yogurt showed a protective effect against URTI in adults, suggesting that the use of yogurt with probiotics could be a promising dietary supplement for mitigating URTI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fermented milk on upper respiratory tract infection in adults who lived in the haze area of Northern China: a randomized clinical trial

Zhang

Miao²,

Su³

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…It has recently been reported that triterpene acids (TAs) can have a beneficial effect on cigarette-induced COPD. TA administration after exposure of C57BL/6 mice to CS reduced pulmonary edema, amount of inflammatory cytokines, and increased AMPK phosphorylation and Nrf2 expression [69]. Flavonoids, such as isoliquiritigenin (ILG) extracted from licorice roots, have also been reported to regulate Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in COPD.…”

Section: Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the Role of Nrf2 in Respiratory Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Lee

Jang

Park

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is a transcriptional activator of the cell protection gene that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE). Therefore, Nrf2 protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress. Normally, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) inhibits the activation of Nrf2 by binding to Nrf2 and contributes to Nrf2 break down by ubiquitin proteasomes. In moderate oxidative stress, Keap1 is inhibited, allowing Nrf2 to be translocated to the nucleus, which acts as an antioxidant. However, under unusually severe oxidative stress, the Keap1-Nrf2 mechanism becomes disrupted and results in cell and tissue damage. Oxide-containing atmospheric environment generally contributes to the development of respiratory diseases, possibly leading to the failure of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Until now, several studies have identified changes in Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in models of respiratory diseases, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and asthma. These studies have confirmed that several Nrf2 activators can alleviate symptoms of respiratory diseases. Thus, this review describes how the expression of Keap1-Nrf2 functions in different respiratory diseases and explains the protective effects of reversing this expression.

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“…Indeed, a phase 3 clinical trial in diabetic nephropathy was prematurely stopped for increased mortality and adverse effects ( Rossing, 2013 ). However, new natural triterpenes like triterpene acid derived from oak leaf have been discovered and reduce CS-induced inflammation in mice ( Jian et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Nrf2 and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches – Pulmonary Disease/Asthma

2021

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Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major transcription factor involved in redox homeostasis and in the response induced by oxidative injury. Nrf2 is present in an inactive state in the cytoplasm of cells. Its activation by internal or external stimuli, such as infections or pollution, leads to the transcription of more than 500 elements through its binding to the antioxidant response element. The lungs are particularly susceptible to factors that generate oxidative stress such as infections, allergens and hyperoxia. Nrf2 has a crucial protective role against these ROS. Oxidative stress and subsequent activation of Nrf2 have been demonstrated in many human respiratory diseases affecting the airways, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or the pulmonary parenchyma such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Several compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, have been identified as Nrf2 inducers and enhance the activation of Nrf2 and expression of Nrf2-dependent genes. These inducers have proven particularly effective at reducing the severity of the oxidative stress-driven lung injury in various animal models. In humans, these compounds offer promise as potential therapeutic strategies for the management of respiratory pathologies associated with oxidative stress but there is thus far little evidence of efficacy through human trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the involvement of Nrf2 and its inducers in ARDS, COPD, asthma and lung fibrosis in both human and in experimental models.

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Triterpene Acids of Loquat Leaf Improve Inflammation in Cigarette Smoking Induced COPD by Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 and NFκB Pathways

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of fermented milk on upper respiratory tract infection in adults who lived in the haze area of Northern China: a randomized clinical trial

Effect of fermented milk on upper respiratory tract infection in adults who lived in the haze area of Northern China: a randomized clinical trial

An Update on the Role of Nrf2 in Respiratory Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches – Pulmonary Disease/Asthma

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