Introduction: Guizhi decoction (GZD), a classical Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used to treat hypertension, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The present study aimed to explore its therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms in the treatment of hypertension using network pharmacology and experimental validation.Methods: The active ingredients and corresponding targets were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The targets related to hypertension were identified from multiple databases, and multiple networks were constructed to identify key compounds, hub targets, and main biological processes and pathways of GZD against hypertension. The Surflex-Dock software was used to validate the binding affinity between key targets and their corresponding active compounds. The Dahl salt-sensitive rat model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of GZD on hypertension. Results: A total of 112 active ingredients, 222 targets of GZD and 341 hypertension- related targets were obtained. Furthermore, 56 overlapping targets were identified, five of which were determined as the hub targets to perform experimental verification, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2), IL-1β, matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2), and MMP9. Pathway enrichment results indicated that 56 overlapping targets mainly enriched in several inflammation pathways such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Molecular docking confirmed that most active compounds of GZD showed tight binding ability with the key targets. Experimental results demonstrated that compared with the group fed a high-salt diet in this study, the GZD improved blood pressure, reduced the area of cardiac fibrosis, and inhibited the expression of IL6, CCL2, IL1β, MMP2 and MMP9 in rats.Conclusions: The potential mechanism of the therapeutic effect of GZD on hypertension may be attributed to the regulation of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.