Snipping around for food: Economic, ethical and policy implications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing

Bartkowski, Bartosz; Theesfeld, Insa; Pirscher, F.; Timaeus, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.07.017

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Whether genetic resources’ definition encompasses DSI is only one of the open questions facing the CBD posed by biotechnology’s changing capacities and practices. For example, as CRISPR Cas-9 gene-edited crops and organisms come onto the market ( Bartkowski et al, 2018 ), questions arise around the extent a natural genetic resource can be modified and still be subject to benefit-sharing obligations ( SCBD, 2015 ) 16 . Laird and Wynberg warn “policy-makers are creating institutional and legal structures to make 1990s R&D more equitable and are missing the opportunities and threats of 2016 R&D’’ (193, 2016).…”

Section: Concluding Cancunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital biopiracy and the (dis)assembling of the Nagoya Protocol

Bond

Scott

2020

Geoforum

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Highlights Digital sequence information (DSI) on genetic resources polarise global ABS governance. Assemblage theory offers novel ways to unpack the problematisation of DSI. DSI’s disruptions reveal faultlines and fragility of the ABS assemblage. DNA can be understood on a material/expressive axis, not a physical/digital binary. DSI necessitates reform or an entire reworking of the Nagoya Protocol.

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Section: Concluding Cancunmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital biopiracy and the (dis)assembling of the Nagoya Protocol

Bond

Scott

2020

Geoforum

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“…CRISPR-mediated gene editing, however, can generate non-transgenic rice with desirable agronomic and nutritional traits and, thus, fast-track breeding for improved varieties with benefits for producers and consumers (Zaidi et al 2019). Societal debates around preferences, property rights, seed and food sovereignty, biodiversity consequences, governance and regulation issues, however, are needed for their introduction (Bartkowski et al 2018).…”

Section: Food Diversification and The Improved Nutritional Quality Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable agriculture for health and prosperity: stakeholders’ roles, legitimacy and modus operandi

Hellin¹,

Balié²,

Fisher³

et al. 2020

Development in Practice

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Food systems need to focus more on health, prosperity, and environmental sustainability. This requires changes in what, where, how and by whom food is produced, marketed, and consumed. Interdisciplinary research and trans-disciplinary collaboration are needed. Stakeholders need to agree on their respective roles, values, responsibilities and modus operandi so that research better responds to real-world challenges and opportunities. This viewpoint argues that this is especially the case in the Global South post Covid-19. Without these changes, there will continue to be unrealistic expectations of impact from agricultural research, and disappointment when these are not realised.

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“…108 Commercial challenges include intellectual property protection and access; segmentation of the gene-editing market between medicine, agricultural, and industrial biotechnology; significant investments to reduce entry barriers to biotechnology markets; and government regulations. 109,110 However, the biggest challenge to deployment of CRISPR-Cas technology is a set of ethical issues that are very similar to the ethical issues that arose with earlier genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This includes safety, animal rights and welfare, overstepping species barriers, and ''naturalness'' concerns.…”

Section: Discoveries Through Integrating Across Biological Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes safety, animal rights and welfare, overstepping species barriers, and ''naturalness'' concerns. [110][111][112] Despite these concerns and limitations, one must recognize that the discovery of the CRISPR systems is a major life science breakthrough that is transformational in how we develop tools for genome editing of a broad spectrum of organisms.…”

Section: Discoveries Through Integrating Across Biological Scalementioning

confidence: 99%