Smoking, Screen-Based Sedentary Behavior, and Diet Associated with Habitual Sleep Duration and Chronotype: Data from the UK Biobank

Abstract

Background Sleep duration has been implicated in the etiology of obesity but less is known about the association between sleep and other behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the associations among sleep duration, chronotype, and physical activity, screen-based sedentary behavior, tobacco use, and dietary intake. Methods Regression models were used to examine sleep duration and chronotype as the predictors and cardiovascular risk factors as outcomes of interest in a cross-sectional sample of 439,933 adults enrolled in the UK Biobank project. Results Short sleepers were 45 % more likely to smoke tobacco than adequate sleepers (9.8 vs. 6.9 %, respectively). Late chronotypes were more than twice as likely to smoke tobacco than intermediate types (14.9 vs. 7.4 %, respectively). Long sleepers reported 0.61 more hours of television per day than adequate sleepers. Early chronotypes reported 0.20 fewer daily hours of computer use per day than intermediate chronotypes. Early chronotypes had 0.25 more servings of fruit and 0.13 more servings of vegetables per day than late chronotypes. Conclusions Short and long sleep duration and late chronotype are associated with greater likelihood of cardiovascular risk behaviors. Further work is needed to determine whether these findings are maintained in the context of objective sleep and circadian estimates, and in more diverse samples. The extent to which promoting adequate sleep duration and earlier sleep timing improves heart health should also be examined prospectively.

Caffeinated Drinks Intake, Late Chronotype, and Increased Body Mass Index among Medical Students in Chongqing, China: A Multiple Mediation Model

“…For example, participants who belong to late chronotype may feel increased exhaustion during the daytime, leading them to shorter engagement in physical activity and increased time in sedentary states [48,49]. The above research hypothesis was further supported in this study.…”

Transitioning from adequate to inadequate sleep duration associated with higher smoking rate and greater nicotine dependence in a population sample

“…As a common physiologic function, sleep is related to tobacco use with smokers having less healthy sleep than non-smokers (Patterson, Malone, Lozano, Grandner, & Hanlon, 2016). Smokers are more likely to report inadequate (≤6 and ≥9 h) sleep duration (Mehari, Weir, & Gillum, 2014; Patterson et al, 2016) have longer sleep latency (take longer to fall asleep) (Zhang, Samet, Caffo, & Punjabi, 2006), have increased perceptions of insufficient sleep (Grandner et al, 2015), and increased risk for insomnia than non-smokers (Brook, Zhang, Brook, & Finch, 2012).…”

“…Smokers are more likely to report inadequate (≤6 and ≥9 h) sleep duration (Mehari, Weir, & Gillum, 2014; Patterson et al, 2016) have longer sleep latency (take longer to fall asleep) (Zhang, Samet, Caffo, & Punjabi, 2006), have increased perceptions of insufficient sleep (Grandner et al, 2015), and increased risk for insomnia than non-smokers (Brook, Zhang, Brook, & Finch, 2012). Night-time smoking, a frequent cause of disrupted and shortened sleep, occurs in approximately 41% of smokers (Scharf, Dunbar, & Shiffman, 2008).…”

Sleep Duration and Diabetes Risk: Population Trends and Potential Mechanisms

“…Increased sedentary lifestyle is associated with habitual short sleep duration [139, 140], perceived insufficient sleep [141], and general sleep disturbances [142]. Smoking is also associated with both short sleep duration [140] and poor sleep quality [143]. Individuals with sleep difficulties are also more likely to consume excessive alcohol [144, 145].…”