Smallholder farmers’ attitudes and determinants of adaptation to climate risks in East Africa

Shikuku, Kelvin Mashisia; Winowiecki, Leigh A.; Twyman, Jennifer; Eitzinger, Anton; Pérez, Juan Guillermo; Mwongera, Caroline; Läderach, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.crm.2017.03.001

Cited by 160 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Our results corroborate with previous findings regarding economic benefits of interventions in QPM (Gunaratna, Groote, Nestel, Pixley, & McCabe, ), OFSP (Cole et al, ), biofortified iron beans (Murekezi et al, ), bananas (Shimwela et al, ), crop‐livestock integration (Mottet et al, ), improved livestock breeds (Argent et al, ) and farmer capacity building (Davis et al, ) to sync sowing time with rainfall (Mottet et al, ), investments in sustainable soil and water management (Shikuku et al, ) and greater participation of non‐state actors (Shin et al, ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Warinda

Nyariki

Wambua

et al. 2020

Natural Resources Forum

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Investments in agricultural technologies, capacity building and policy harmonization are needed to support sustainable development across Africa. Regional development projects can facilitate the adoption of agricultural technologies and innovations across nation‐state borders and generate benefits for shared prosperity. This paper uses panel data from 1,160 smallholder households including beneficiaries and non‐beneficiaries from five countries in East Africa ‐ Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. From a pool of over 90 projects implemented over a span of 15 years, 23 regional projects are included in this study. The major economic benefits to smallholder participants are higher crop productivity and income, access to adaptable technologies, access to markets, higher livestock and milk production, gender equality, enhanced food security, resilience and capacity building for uptake and scaling up of future innovation platforms. For example, the adoption of low‐cost tissue culture banana by the beneficiaries increased their incomes by 15% in Rwanda while the adoption of appropriate land and water management technologies increased the potato yields from 2.8 tons (USD 2,840/ha) to over 7.5 tons (USD 7,410/ha) in Kenya. The beneficiaries ensured value added to commodities like bananas (for export) and orange‐fleshed sweet potatoes (a nutrition‐sensitive intervention for enhancing domestic intake of vitamin A) in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. Additionally, milk production increased from 6 to 11 L per cow per day in Uganda and from 6 to 8 L per cow per day in Tanzania, with increases in sales generating USD 115 per cow per month above the non‐beneficiaries. These results are supported by previous studies on technology adoption, investments in agriculture and well‐being outcomes. Our findings with the higher farm income Difference‐in‐Differences (DiD) estimator for the female beneficiaries compared to male beneficiaries might have important implications for investing in regional development projects that will close the gender gap in agricultural productivity in Africa. Regional projects can also support post‐conflict development efforts for food security and peace in fragile contexts such as in Burundi. Our findings might serve as an input to the African Union's Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme, localization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to food security and agriculture in Africa and an input to monitoring, evaluation and learning.

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Section: Conclusion and Policy Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Warinda

Nyariki

Wambua

et al. 2020

Natural Resources Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The approach that successive governmental and non-governmental organizations have been implementing is food relief for the drought-affected population. Nowadays, those inhabitants have been expecting emergency food aid from the outside world in every severe drought that has been occurred in the region (Shikuku 2017).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these challenges, pastoral communities have been surprisingly resilient and have shown a wide variety of adaptations to environmental changes (Carver 1998). Pastoralists have been showing the ability to recover from climate shocks than agropastoralists and non-pastoralists (Shikuku 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, the first resource in hand is local communities' knowledge, which is important in terms of mitigation and adaptation to the impact of climate change through mobility and seasonal use of grazing lands (Mwenda and Laswai 2013;Li et al 2014). A theoretical framework which postulates people's perception of climate change is a key process in the formation of mitigation and local adaptive behavior (FosuMensah 2012;Shikuku et al 2017). This process is an important prerequisite in implementing mitigation and locally adapted strategies to the ongoing environmental changes and rangeland management systems (Tambo and Abdoulaye 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community-based knowledge towards rangeland condition, climate change, and adaptation strategies: the case of Afar pastoralists

2017

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Introduction: Pastoral communities have a comprehensive knowledge of their environments. This knowledge was acquired through extensive observation of the local environment and continuous herding practices. Pastoralists' wisdom about their local environment and adaptation strategies to climate change is essential for sustainable development. Thus, appreciation of pastoralists' knowledge about their environment is also important for the integration of indigenous knowledge with the proper application of scientific approach to fit with the prevailing ecological potential of pastoral areas. Methods: Data were collected using focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews. The in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire that was administered to 100 household heads with the age of above 50 years old. Respondents were randomly drawn from selected Pastoralists Associations (PAs) of two study districts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the logit model. The logit model was used to analyze the different coping strategies of pastoralists to overcome the failure of rain during different seasons. This was done by complementing pastoralists' indigenous knowledge of time-series-based analysis across four seasons (Kerma, Gillal, Hagay, and Sugum) vs. the existing meteorological records. Forty years (from 1971 to 2011) of existing metrological data were used to compare the empirical evidence with pastoralists' perceptions. Results: Respondents mentioned that livestock number was the best indicator for evaluating rangeland condition in Afar region. The existing empirical evidence based on metrological data did not show any significant decline in precipitation for the last four decades between 1971 and 2011 as opposed to the perception of pastoralists where 80% of them reported a decline in precipitation. A one unit increase in labor force suggested about 16.1% decrease in the choice of livestock selling as coping strategy in Afar pastoral areas of North-East of Ethiopia. The non-intervened pastoral households had more preference (3.78%) to practice herd splitting than those pastoral households in the intervened district. Similarly, the non-intervened pastoral households had 4.43% more preference to use crop residue for livestock feeding than pastoral HHs in the intervened areas.

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“…Therefore, a holistic and interdisciplinary view on this problem is necessary. As an example, recent studies reflect upon effects of water usage in rural regions of Kenya [8,9]; discussing the farmers' willingness to pay for water for agricultural purposes; payments for water services in rural communities; the overall wealth; the use of water saving technologies; and the possibility of handling different types of future changes in the climate in this region [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Power as Solution for Off-Grid Water Desalination Systems: Resource Characterization for Kilifi-Kenya

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Freshwater scarcity is one of humanity's reoccurring problems that hamper socio-economic development in many regions across the globe. In coastal areas, seawater can be desalinated through reverse osmosis (RO) and transformed into freshwater for human use. Desalination requires large amounts of energy, mostly in the form of a reliable electricity supply, which in many cases is supplied by diesel generators. The objective of this work is to analyze the wave power resource availability in Kilifi-Kenya and evaluate the possible use of wave power converter (WEC) to power desalination plants. A particular focus is given use of WECs developed by Uppsala University (UU-WEC). The results here presented were achieved using reanalysis-wave data revealed that the local wave climate has an approximate annual mean of 7 kW/m and mode of 5 kW/m. Significant wave height and wave mean period are within 0.8-2 m and 7-8 s respectively, with a predominant wave mean direction from southeast. The seasonal cycle appeared to be the most relevant for energy conversion, having the highest difference of 6 kW/m, in which April is the lowest (3.8 kW/m) and August is the peak (10.5 kW/m). In such mild wave climates, the UU-WEC and similar devices can be suitable for ocean energy harvesting for water desalination systems. Technically, with a capacity factor of 30% and energy consumption of 3 kWh/m 3 , a coastal community of about five thousand inhabitants can be provided of freshwater by only ten WECs with installed capacity of 20 kW.

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Smallholder farmers’ attitudes and determinants of adaptation to climate risks in East Africa

Cited by 160 publications

References 48 publications

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Sustainable development in East Africa: impact evaluation of regional agricultural development projects in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

Community-based knowledge towards rangeland condition, climate change, and adaptation strategies: the case of Afar pastoralists

Wave Power as Solution for Off-Grid Water Desalination Systems: Resource Characterization for Kilifi-Kenya

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