Small-Signal Stability Analysis of an Inverter-Based Microgrid With Internal Model-Based Controllers

Leitner, Stefan; Yazdanian, Mehrdad; Mehrizi‐Sani, Ali; Muetze, Annette

doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2688481

Cited by 107 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Eventually, with (7), the DG's in a microgrid will output with slightly different voltages, in order to reach a consensus on the values of V + kqQ through the communication network. The advantage of the introduced consensus protocol, including the two control laws (6) and (7), is that only two variables (ω + kp P and V + kqQ) are needed to be sent through the communication network in one direction. This allows a low-cost communication infrastructure to be utilized for a smart grid without sacrificing reliability and redundancy.…”

Section: B Distributed Control With Communication Delaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microgrids Under Distributed Control

Yan

Shi

Bian

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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Distributed control, as a potential solution to decreasing communication demands in microgrids, has drawn much attention in recent years. Advantages of distributed control have been extensively discussed, while its impacts on microgrid performance and stability, especially in the case of communication latency, have not been explicitly studied or fully understood yet. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a generalized theoretical framework for small-signal stability analysis and performance evaluation for microgrids using distributed control. The proposed framework synthesizes generator and load frequency-domain characteristics, primary and secondary control loops, as well as the communication latency into a frequency-domain representation which is further evaluated by the generalized Nyquist theorem. In addition, various parameters and their impacts on microgrid dynamic performance are investigated and summarized into guidelines to help better design the system. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Section: B Distributed Control With Communication Delaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suppose that each edge (i, j)E has a latency τij ≥ 0. The time-domain delay differential equations (6) and (7) for all DGs, using the definition in (8) and (9), can be transformed to frequency-domain as…”

Section: A Proposed Microgrid Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microgrids Under Distributed Control

Yan

Shi

Bian

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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“…These modeling strategies neglect the dynamic interaction between IDGs, which results in low accuracy when reproducing the IMG system dynamics. More detailed modeling strategies have been proposed considering the IDG interactions in the network [3,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Early detailed modeling strategies propose detailed linearized 15th-and 36th-order mathematical state space models for the basic cases of two IDGs [12,13].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Compact dq-Reference Frame Model for Inverter-Based Microgrids

et al. 2019

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The development and the experimental validation of a novel dynamic model of an islanded three-phase Inverter-based Microgrid (IMG) is presented in this paper. The proposed model reproduces the relevant system dynamics without excessive complexity and enough accuracy. The dynamics of the IMG are captured with a compact and scalable dynamic model, considering inverter based distributed generators with d-current droop primary and proportional resonant inner controllers. The complete development of the model, the practical assumptions, and the accurate proportional power sharing of the primary control technique are shown. The accuracy performance was verified in experiments performed at the Aalborg Intelligent Microgrids Laboratory for an islanded IMG case.

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“…Here, a microgrid was defined as a group of micro-generators and storage-units able to separate and isolate itself from the main grid with little or no disruption to connected loads. The distributed energy resources (DER) that play the role of the generation system in the microgrid are often interfaced through power electronic inverters, forming an inverter-based microgrid [6].Inverter-interfaced energy resources behave completely different compared to synchronous generators [7], and thus a plethora of novel operation and control solutions were proposed for power electronics interfaced microgrids [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The stability and power-sharing mechanisms from the classical power systems are not suitable for the operation and control of islanded microgrids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability and power-sharing mechanisms from the classical power systems are not suitable for the operation and control of islanded microgrids. Thus, the research directions are focusing on two major approaches: (a) from a control theory perspective, dominant approaches are small-signal stability assessments, normally considering very basic microgrid architectures [8][9][10] complemented by methods for model order reduction to further asses the high nonlinearity of a closed-loop model [11,12]; (b) while from a power system perspective, the common approaches in the literature are looking into the dynamics of the inverter using frequency droop control methods [13][14][15][16][17]. Despite very diverse stability assessments in microgrids from the control theory perspective-ranging from radial [18] to meshed configurations [7] with a plethora of control strategies from decentralized to hierarchical or distributed methods [17]-these studies are all trying to mimic the mechanical-inertia mechanism of the traditional power systems with large synchronous generators.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Electrostatic Inertia in Microgrids with Inverter-Based Generation Only—An Analysis on Dynamic Stability

et al. 2019

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Microgrids are about to change the architecture and the operation principles of the future power systems towards smartness and resiliency. Power electronics technologies are key enablers for novel solutions. In this paper we analyze the benefits of a "microgrid by design" architecture (MDA), using a solid-state transformer (SST) as a low-voltage grid-former and inverter-based generation only. In this context, the microgrid stability is maintained with the help of "electrostatic energy inertia" that can be provided by the capacitor connected to the DC busbar behind the SST inverter topology. This happens in a natural way, alike the mechanical inertia in power systems with synchronous machines, however without depending on frequency and without the need of a rotational inertia. This type of microgrid always operates (both fully connected to the main grid or in islanding mode) with all the necessary mechanisms needed to maintain the microgrid stable-no matter of the perturbations in the upstream of the point of common coupling (PCC). In the case of microgrids with inverter-based generation only (including the energy storage systems), there is no mechanical inertia and different stability mechanisms need to be applied compared to the stability principle of the classical power systems. Our proposed mechanism differentiates from the recently proposed stability assessments of microgrids based on virtual synchronous generators from the control theory perspective. This paper is a continuation of our previous work where the MDA was first introduced. The use-cases and scenarios are based on realistic and yet reasonable complexities, by coupling the disturbance magnitude with the voltage stability limit in power grids. The paper finds meaningful disturbances to test the electrostatic energy inertia at the boundaries of grid stability, as guidance to understand the range of voltage variation for extreme conditions. The results show that in microgrids with inverter-based generation only and passive loads (RLC type) the operation is no longer frequency dependent. The energy of the DC busbar capacitor as electrostatic energy inertia of the MDA has a role similar to that of the rotational machines in classical grids in terms of maintaining dynamic stability, however impacting two different types of stability.Energies 2019, 12, 3274 2 of 23 operation and balancing management system [3]. One of the first attempts in defining the microgrid concept was done by the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions program (CERTS) in their report from October 2003 [4,5]. Here, a microgrid was defined as a group of micro-generators and storage-units able to separate and isolate itself from the main grid with little or no disruption to connected loads. The distributed energy resources (DER) that play the role of the generation system in the microgrid are often interfaced through power electronic inverters, forming an inverter-based microgrid [6].Inverter-interfaced energy resources behave completely different compared to synchrono...

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Small-Signal Stability Analysis of an Inverter-Based Microgrid With Internal Model-Based Controllers

Cited by 107 publications

References 27 publications

Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microgrids Under Distributed Control

Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Microgrids Under Distributed Control

A Novel Compact dq-Reference Frame Model for Inverter-Based Microgrids

On the Electrostatic Inertia in Microgrids with Inverter-Based Generation Only—An Analysis on Dynamic Stability

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