Small-Scale Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements for Use in a Geotechnical Centrifuge

Knappett, Jonathan; Reid, Colin T.; Kinmond, S.; O’Reilly, Kirk T.

doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000371

Cited by 46 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The main reason for this limitation is that in centrifuge modelling large-scale factors of between 1:20 and 1:100 are used (Knappett et al, 2010). Replicating building details at a small scale is a challenge, and centrifuge modelling research so far has focused on replicating the building stiffness rather than other important building features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifuge modelling of building response to tunnel excavation

Ritter

Giardina

DeJong

et al. 2018

International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics

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Understanding the building response to tunnelling-induced settlements is an important aspect of urban tunnelling in soft ground. Previous centrifuge modelling research demonstrated significant potential to study this tunnel-soilstructure interaction problem. However, these recent studies were limited by simplified building models, which might result in uncertainties when interpreting the building performance to tunnelling subsidence. This paper presents an experimental modelling procedure and the results of a series of centrifuge tests, involving relatively complex surface structures subjected to tunnelling in sand. Powder-based three-dimensional (3D) printing was adopted to fabricate building models with realistic layouts, facade openings and foundations. The 3D printed material had a Young's modulus and a brittle response similar to historic masonry. Modelling effects and boundary conditions are quantified. The good agreement between the experimentally obtained results and previous research demonstrates that the soil-structure interaction during tunnel excavation is well replicated. The experimental procedure provides a framework to quantify how building features affect the response of buildings to tunnelling subsidence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifuge modelling of building response to tunnel excavation

Ritter

Giardina

DeJong

et al. 2018

International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics

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“…On the basis of the exploratory work of , this study seeks to provide experimental verification of their numerical findings suggesting that although a conventionally designed reinforced concrete (RC) pier on an adequately large shallow foundation would suffer structural failure of the RC column and collapse in an earthquake sufficiently exceeding its design limits, rocking motion of an alternative underdesigned foundation would allow the same pier to survive even extreme shaking scenarios. To this end, it was necessary to realistically model the various attributes of nonlinear response of both the structural element (RC column) and the soil‒foundation interface, therefore necessitating the use of the following:A new scale model reinforced concrete capable of replicating stiffness, strength, failure mode, and post‐failure response of the bridge pier.The University of Dundee (UoD) centrifuge earthquake simulator (EQS) to accurately replicate nonlinear soil behavior and provide repeatable replication of historically recorded earthquake motions.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) A new scale model reinforced concrete [38] capable of replicating stiffness, strength, failure mode, and post-failure response of the bridge pier. (2) The University of Dundee (UoD) centrifuge earthquake simulator (EQS) to accurately replicate nonlinear soil behavior and provide repeatable replication of historically recorded earthquake motions.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centrifuge modeling of rocking‐isolated inelastic RC bridge piers

Loli

Knappett

Brown

et al. 2014

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Experimental proof is provided of an unconventional seismic design concept, which is based on deliberately underdesigning shallow foundations to promote intense rocking oscillations and thereby to dramatically improve the seismic resilience of structures. Termed rocking isolation, this new seismic design philosophy is investigated through a series of dynamic centrifuge experiments on properly scaled models of a modern reinforced concrete (RC) bridge pier. The experimental method reproduces the nonlinear and inelastic response of both the soil-footing interface and the structure. To this end, a novel scale model RC (1:50 scale) that simulates reasonably well the elastic response and the failure of prototype RC elements is utilized, along with realistic representation of the soil behavior in a geotechnical centrifuge. A variety of seismic ground motions are considered as excitations. They result in consistent demonstrably beneficial performance of the rocking-isolated pier in comparison with the one designed conventionally. Seismic demand is reduced in terms of both inertial load and deck drift. Furthermore, foundation uplifting has a self-centering potential, whereas soil yielding is shown to provide a particularly effective energy dissipation mechanism, exhibiting significant resistance to cumulative damage. Thanks to such mechanisms, the rocking pier survived, with no signs of structural distress, a deleterious sequence of seismic motions that caused collapse of the conventionally designed pier. © 2014 The Authors Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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“…Since the establishment of the regulations in scale models in concrete structures, tests are spread in laboratory for obtaining structural performance of whole buildings or parts of them [134,137,90].…”

Section: Structures For Buildings Using Scale Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on experimental research using scale models for buildings: Application and methodologies

Lirola

Castañeda

Lauret

et al. 2017

Energy and Buildings

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a b s t r a c tA complete review on scale model testing for buildings, considering a wide range of methodologies and new manufacturing techniques, in areas such as statics and dynamics, acoustics, lighting, aerodynamics and thermodynamics for energy efficiency is presented. On the one hand, scale model testing for buildings require different considerations and techniques and are usually focused on one specific physical field contributing to the information scattering. On the other hand, they are sometimes too general, theoretical or unpractical. Although commercial computer simulations are first option among professionals, they necessarily simplify complex phenomena and ignore, among other aspects, size effects and latest findings in fractals. The potential of complementary experiments using new manufactured scale models for buildings is raising, however, it is still missing a practical overview through different physical fields specifically for buildings with these considerations. This review gives a wide perspective and unified scope on uses and possibilities of scale model testing for buildings, from the traditional configurations of Leon Battiste Alberti to new possibilities applying complex physics and new techniques of 3D-modelling.

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Small-Scale Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements for Use in a Geotechnical Centrifuge

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Centrifuge modelling of building response to tunnel excavation

Centrifuge modelling of building response to tunnel excavation

Centrifuge modeling of rocking‐isolated inelastic RC bridge piers

A review on experimental research using scale models for buildings: Application and methodologies

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