Small-scale laboratory experiments on the indentation failure of polycrystalline ice in compression: Main results and pressure distribution

Laboratory experiments to study ice-induced vibrations of scaled model structures during their interaction with level ice at different ice velocities

“…At the onset of ice failure, the indentation speed increased by two orders of magnitude, and the pressure changed progressively during the ice failure. Recent small-scale indentation experiments by Wells et al (2011), Taylor et al (2013) and Browne et al (2013) also link the ice force and failure characteristics to the pressure. The latter associated failures of high pressure zones to measured cyclic force patterns up to a frequency as high as 250 Hz.…”

“…The latter associated failures of high pressure zones to measured cyclic force patterns up to a frequency as high as 250 Hz. For a literature review on crushing failure and the ice behavior adjacent to the indenter, see Jordaan (2001), Sodhi (2001), Sodhi et al (1998) and Wells et al (2011).…”

Methodology for Combined Local and Global Ice Pressure Estimation based on a Probabilistic Model of High Pressure Zone Behavior Derived from Field Data

“…Since the mechanics of hpz failure are linked to fracture and pressure softening due to microstructural modification (damage), changes in physical conditions which influence these mechanisms are also expected to influence the hpz behavior (Jordaan, 2001;Wells et al, 2010;Taylor et al, 2013). For a given design scenario differences due to factors such as ice type, thickness, temperature and other physical conditions may need to be accounted for.…”

Experimental Investigation of Compressive Failure of Truncated Conical Ice Specimens

“…A number of researchers have confirmed that the failure mechanisms of hpzs are not associated exclusively with fractures (for example Meglis et al, 1999, Xiao, 1997, Wells et al, 2010. Jordaan et al (2008) focused on the softening processes that occur within this damaged layer.…”

“…According to Jordaan (2001) an hpz is a localized region of ice contact through which the majority of loads are transmitted to the structure. While the state of stress is triaxial within hpzs (Wells et al, 2010), the formation of hpzs is associated with two processes . The first process involves spalling and fracture which cause concentration of stress in the area of hpzs (Mackey et al, 2007) and the second process is the formation of the damaged layer which is found in both small and medium scale tests (Jordaan et al, 2005b.…”