Small Malignant Melanoma of the Choroid With Extraocular Extension

Duffin, R. Michael; Straatsma, Bradley R.; Foos, Robert Y.; Kerman, Barry M.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1981.03930020701016

Cited by 19 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In human beings, melanoma is a common primary tumour that metastasises to the brain (Kirsch and others 2005, Naggara and others 2006). Metastasis by the haematogenous route is not the only way to invade other tissues in cases of melanoma, and eventual extraocular extensions with peripapillary scleral infiltration and intracerebral metastases by direct extension through optic nerve have been described (Duffin and others 1981, Jones and others 1988). In dogs, extension of uveal melanomas through the angular plexus into the sclera or even conjunctiva is very common (Narstrom and Ekesten 1999, Hyman and others 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presumed primary uveal melanoma with brain extension in a dog

Galán

Martín-Suárez

Molleda

et al. 2009

J of Small Animal Practice

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A 13-year-old, female, mixed, cocker spaniel was examined for a unilateral exophthalmia and protruding mass in episcleral region of the right eye. Mode B ocular ultrasonography revealed a mass extended intraocular from anterior chamber to posterior pole without evidence of extraocular extension. A presumptive diagnosis of melanocytic tumour was made. A complete blood count and chemistry and thoracic radiographs did not show any abnormal changes. The recommended treatment was enucleation, and melanocytic nature of the tumour was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Three months after surgery, the animal showed a status epilepticus refractory to treatment. Computed tomographic examination of the brain revealed changes compatible with a tumour. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Because of the poor clinical prognosis, the owners elected to have the dog euthanased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presumed primary uveal melanoma with brain extension in a dog

Galán

Martín-Suárez

Molleda

et al. 2009

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…(1979), Shammas und Biodi (1977), Manschot und van Peperzeei (1980) sowie Davidorf und Lang (1975). Extrabulbare Ausbreitung kleiner Melanome wie sie Duffin und Mitarb. (1981) beschrieben, fanden wir in unserem Material nicht.…”

Section: Der Metastasierungsgipfel Liegt Beimunclassified

Die prognostische Relevanz histopathologischer Parameter beim malignen Melanom der Aderhaut unter Anwendung der pTNM-Klassifikation

Göllnitz¹,

Pk²

1988

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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On the basis of data collected over a period of 22 years from 376 patients enucleated at the Eye Clinic of Karl Marx University, Leipzig because of malignant choroidal melanoma, the prognostic significance and reliability of various histopathological characteristics was investigated. The most significant characteristic proved to be the cell type, followed by the degree of pigmentation, the nature and degree of infiltration of the sclera, and tumor size. The relationship of these parameters to the survival rate was shown to be statistically significant by the mortality tabulation method, contingency tabulation method and rank correlation (Spearman). Furthermore, various correlations between the observed variables were ascertained. This statistical analysis shows that the mitosis has no significant bearing on the prognosis. The five-year metastasis rate was 32.8% and the ten-year rate 40.3%. The metastasis peak of 10.4% occurs in the second postoperative year. After the fifth year the annual mortality rate falls to less than 2% and after the seventh year to less than 1%. The data also indicate that even small, Stage I melanomas metastasize if they are not composed purely of spindle cells. With such tumors the peak metastasis rate shifts to the fourth postoperative year.

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