Slurry sampling for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate by graphite furnace–atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry

Torrence, KM; McDaniel, Reta L.; Self, David A.; Chang, Michael J.

doi:10.1007/s00216-001-1226-2

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some 5 (after 10 puffs; Suna et al 1991) to 10% (after 6 puffs; Kalcher et al 1993) of the Cd in the cigarette [or 50 (Suna et al 1991) to 179 ng Cd (Kalcher et al 1993) per cigarette] will be transferred to the mainstream for inhalation. Torrence et al (2002) estimated that it would be 64-69 ng Cd per cigarette. Thus, it appears likely that about 100 ng Cd will be inhaled per cigarette, of which about 50 ng Cd per cigarette will be absorbed when an uptake rate in the lungs of 50% is assumed (Ikeda 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-induced increase in urinary cadmium levels among Japanese women

Ikeda

Moriguchi

Ezaki

et al. 2005

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-induced increase in urinary cadmium levels among Japanese women

Ikeda

Moriguchi

Ezaki

et al. 2005

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…Concentration of total Al was high in all cigarettes; one would imagine that smoking could be one of the sources of Al exposure (Kazi et al 2009b). During smoking, the toxic metal content originally present in the filler tobacco of cigarettes, partitions among the mainstream smoke, side stream smoke, ash and cigarette or filter (Torrence et al 2002). The filler tobacco of different branded and non-branded cigarette smoking by study population was analyzed for Al and Cd contents.…”

Section: Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of cadmium and aluminum in blood samples of kidney disorder patients with drinking water and tobacco smoking: related health risk

Panhwar

Kazi

Afridi

et al. 2015

Environ Geochem Health

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The combined exposure to aluminum (Al) and cadmium (Cd) causes more pronounced adverse health effects on humans. The kidneys are the main organs affected by internal exposure to Cd and Al via food and non-food items. The objective of present study was to measure the Al and Cd concentrations in cigarettes tobacco (branded and non-branded) and drinking water (domestic treated, ground and lake water) samples in southern part of Pakistan, to assess the risk due to ingestion of water and inhalation of cigarettes smoke containing high concentrations of both elements. The study population (kidney disorder and healthy) divided into two group based on consuming lake and ground water, while smoking non-branded cigarette as exposed, while drinking domestic treated water and smoking branded cigarette as non-exposed. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determined Cd and Al concentrations in tobacco, drinking water and blood samples. The resulted data indicated that the levels of Al and Cd in lake and underground water were higher than the permissible limit in drinking water recommended by the World Health Organization. The biochemical parameters of exposed and referent patients, especially urinary N-acetyl-h-glucosaminidase, were used as a biomarkers of kidney disorder. Exposed kidney disorder patients have higher levels of Cd and Al than the exposed referents subjects, while difference was significant when compared to resulted data of non-exposed patients and referents (p = 0.01-0.001). The pearson correlation showed positive correlation between both toxic element concentrations in water, cigarettes versus blood samples of exposed subjects (r = 0.20-0.67 and 0.71-0.82), while lower values were observed for non-exposed subjects (r = 0.123-0.423 and 0.331-0.425), respectively.

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“…Lead and arsenic have been identified and measured both in tobacco and tobacco smoke (2)(3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Lead and Arsenic in Tobacco and Cigarettes: an Important Issue of Public Health

Lazarević¹,

Nikolić²,

Stošić³

et al. 2012

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYContents of lead and arsenic were determined in 617 tobacco samples and 80 samples of cigarettes. The mean content of lead in tobacco was 0.93 μg/g (range 0.02-8.56 μg/g) and arsenic was 0.15 μg/g (range <0.02-2.04 μg/g). The mean content of lead in cigarettes was 1.26 μg/g (range 0.02-6.72 μg/g) and arsenic was 0.11 μg/g (range <0.02-0.71 μg/g). There was a large variability in lead and arsenic content among samples of tobacco and samples of cigarettes. Positive correlation between lead and arsenic contents in tobacco was found (r=0.22; p<0.0001).Based on our data and data from literature we compare the content of lead and arsenic in tobacco and cigarettes in other studies and discuss the influence of smoking to lead and arsenic exposure and health.In conclusion, at the same time with the implementation of tobacco use prevention programmes it is advisable to implement continuous monitoring of lead and arsenic in tobacco and cigarettes in order to reduce the health risk due to exposure of these metals.

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Slurry sampling for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in mainstream cigarette smoke condensate by graphite furnace–atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Smoking-induced increase in urinary cadmium levels among Japanese women

Smoking-induced increase in urinary cadmium levels among Japanese women

Correlation of cadmium and aluminum in blood samples of kidney disorder patients with drinking water and tobacco smoking: related health risk

Determination of Lead and Arsenic in Tobacco and Cigarettes: an Important Issue of Public Health

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