Smoking-induced increase in urinary cadmium levels among Japanese women

Ikeda, Masayuki; Moriguchi, Jiro; Ezaki, Takafumi; Fukui, Yoshinari; Ukai, Hirohiko; Okamoto, Susumu; Shimbo, Shinichiro

doi:10.1007/s00420-005-0612-z

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Current smokers have higher urinary concentrations than former and never smokers [54], and it has been widely reported that former smokers have significantly higher U-Cd than never smokers, which one would expect if U-Cd is a biomarker of long-term exposure [78–84]. Recently, however, at least two reports suggested there might be no such difference between former and never smokers [80, 85]. In order to further investigate the matter, we contacted study authors and were able to pool data from five study populations that reported U-Cd cr at levels generally <2 μg Cd/g creatinine, and also had information on smoking status and age [68, 80, 86, 87, 88•, 89] (Fig.…”

Section: Predictors Of Urine Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review

Vacchi-Suzzi

Kruse

Harrington

et al. 2016

Curr Envir Health Rpt

124

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Cadmium is a naturally-occurring element, and humans are exposed from cigarettes, food, and industrial sources. Following exposure, cadmium accumulates in the kidney and is slowly released into the urine, usually proportionally to the levels found in the kidneys. Cadmium levels in a single spot urine sample have been considered indicative of long-term exposure to cadmium; however, such a potentially exceptional biomarker requires careful scrutiny. In this review, we report good to excellent temporal stability of urinary cadmium (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.66–0.81) regardless of spot urine or first morning void sampling. Factors such as changes in smoking habits and diseases characterized by increased excretion of proteins may produce short-term changes in urinary cadmium levels. We recommend that epidemiologists use this powerful biomarker in prospective studies stratified by smoking status, along with thoughtful consideration of additional factors that can influence renal physiology and cadmium excretion.

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Section: Predictors Of Urine Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creatinine-adjusted U-Cd median and IQR from six studies in never, former, and current smokers, overall ( a ) and stratified by age ( b ) [67, 79, 85–87, 88•]. The NHANES 1999–2010 data were included only once…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review

Vacchi-Suzzi

Kruse

Harrington

et al. 2016

Curr Envir Health Rpt

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Out of a total of 13,909 cases in the combination, 10,599 cases from non-smoking healthy women were selected because smoking is known to increase Cd in urine (Koyama et al 1992;Elingsen et al 1997;Noonan et al 2002;Ikeda et al 2005). Cd in urine increases also in association with age, especially when corrected for creatinine ).…”

Section: In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation among cadmium levels in river sediment, in rice, in daily foods and in urine of residents in 11 prefectures in Japan

Ikeda

Shimbo

Watanabe

et al. 2006

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…To make precise comparison, the cases (all adult women) were matched in terms of place of residence (ie, in the same prefecture) as background exposure to Cd might vary due to variation in Cd-D such as Cd in rice, as discussed previously. The analysis 51) revealed that GM Cd-U cr increased up to 0.6 µg/g cr as a function of number of cigarettes smoked daily up to 10 pieces (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Confounding Factors On Cd-u To Mislead Cd-d Evaluation: Smokmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cadmium Exposure in General Populations in Japan: a Review

et al. 2015

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Cadmium (Cd) intake via diet (Cd-D) has been a long-standing focus of administrative as well as public concern in Japan after the endemic of Itai-itai disease (chronic cadmium poisoning). The aim of this report was to review cadmium exposure in Japan by introducing publications from our study group and related articles. Literature survey disclosed that Cd-D was high (up to 100 µg/day) in 1960s even in non-polluted areas. Such high Cd-D levels were followed by gradual decreases in 1970s-1980s to current level of well below 20 µg/day. Once, a very high Cd-D (600 µg/day) was reported for a Cd-polluted area. Replacement of Cd-polluted rice paddy soil with clean soil resulted in substantial reduction in riceassociated Cd-D. In large-scale surveys in 10 prefectures all over Japan conducted early in 2000s, the geometric mean (GM) of Cd-U cr (Cd in urine as corrected for creatinine concentration) was 1.26 µg/g cr, but was higher in one north-west sea coast prefecture in Honshu Island (>3 µg/g cr). Supplemental survey in 6 neighboring prefectures on the sea coast disclosed that Cd-U cr in some prefectures were higher as compared with the national average. It was reported that Cd in brown rice was also high. However no clear-cut indication was detected to suggest renal tubular dysfunctions. Surveys in major cities in East and South-East Asia in 1980s-1990s made it clear that Cd-D was substantially lower there than in Japanese cities; Cd exposure of general populations was almost exclusively from foods. Statistical analysis revealed that tubular dysfunction markers increased sharply when Cd-U cr exceeded 10-12 µg/g cr. The Cd-U cr level of 11 µg/g cr corresponded to Cd-D level of 59 µg/day. This level was in agreement with the tolerable weekly intake of 7 µg/kg body weight/week, the value recommended by the Food Safety Commission of Japan.

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Smoking-induced increase in urinary cadmium levels among Japanese women

Abstract: Among currently smoking Japanese women, cadmium in urine increased in a manner dependent to the number of cigarettes consumed daily. Thus, smoking is a confounder of Cd-U evaluation even among the population with relatively high dietary Cd burden.

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review

Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review

Correlation among cadmium levels in river sediment, in rice, in daily foods and in urine of residents in 11 prefectures in Japan

Cadmium Exposure in General Populations in Japan: a Review

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