Slot-die processing of lithium-ion battery electrodes—Coating window characterization

Schmitt, Markus; Baunach, Michael; Wengeler, L.; Peters, K.; Junges, Pascal; Scharfer, Philip; Schabel, Wilhelm

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2012.10.011

Cited by 113 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In previous works on LIB coatings, we showed their monotonic shear thinning character in the relevant range of shear rates. [15][16][17] This behavior can be described very precisely by a power-law approach…”

Section: Calculation Of the Single-layer Coating Bead Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Experimental In order to compare the coating windows of Newtonian and power-law liquids as well as single-layer and bilayer coatings, we applied the values in Table 1 to the equations (2)-(5), (20)-(23), (12)- (15), and (25)-(28). Based on the above set of standard parameters, the Newtonian viscosity g 1 was selected to compare with the power-law data measured for a typical LIB anode slurry (u W ¼ 5m=min; _ c % 650 1 s ; g _ c ð Þ % 0:45mPa s).…”

Section: Calculation Of the Single-layer Coating Bead Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the validation of the calculations, an available experimental set-up 15 was applied. For one, respectively, two highly precise syringe pumps (CHEMYX, Nexus 6000) fed the slot dies with coating widths w Die of 60 mm.…”

Section: Calculation Of the Single-layer Coating Bead Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical determination of process windows for bilayer slot die coating

et al. 2015

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Slot die coating is a film casting process with a highly diverse variety of everyday applications. As a pre-metered process it not only guarantees excellent film uniformity, but is also suitable for simultaneously applied multilayer coatings. Characteristic singularities like the behavior of the liquid-liquid interface and the impact of the additional mid-lip on film uniformity were already investigated before. However, the effect of an altered gap pressure regime on commonly used coating windows has not yet been discussed. In this work, we therefore extended available single-layer coating windows for Newtonian and power-law liquids to the bilayer case. Here, the emphasis was laid on the air entrainment limit. Subsequently, the theoretical results were compared to experimental data. It was found that the onset of air entrainment strongly depends on the top to bottom film thickness ratio for bilayer coatings. A critical film thickness ratio which delivers similar coating limits as those for single-layer coatings was derived and confirmed by experimentally gained results.

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Section: Calculation Of the Single-layer Coating Bead Pressurementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Calculation Of the Single-layer Coating Bead Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical determination of process windows for bilayer slot die coating

et al. 2015

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“…The investigated wet films were fabricated applying slot die coating, a common method in industrial Li-ion electrode manufacturing [20][21][22][23]. Using this coating method the slurry is pumped through a die with a rectangular cross-section M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Edge Contour Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel slurry concept for the fabrication of lithium-ion battery electrodes with beneficial properties

Bitsch

Dittmann

Schmitt

et al. 2014

Journal of Power Sources

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142

102

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Please cite this article as: B. Bitsch, J. Dittmann, M. Schmitt, P. Scharfer, W. Schabel, N. Willenbacher, A novel slurry concept for the fabrication of Lithium-Ion battery electrodes with beneficial properties, Journal of Power Sources (2014Sources ( ), doi: 10.1016Sources ( /j.jpowsour.2014 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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“…Slot coating, which was originally invented by Beguin (1954) for the continuous production of photographic films, is currently believed to be best suited to achieve this (Galagan et al, 2011, Schmitt et al, 2013 as it can provide strict specifications in the gauge of the liquid films being coated as well as enabling coating in stripes and multilayer modes in a clean and controlled manner without any waste of coating fluids. The problem however is that it cannot coat sufficiently thin layers at speed without defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slot coating minimum film thickness in air and in rarefied helium

Benkreira

Ikin

2016

Chemical Engineering Science

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This study assesses experimentally the role of gas viscosity in controlling the minimum film thickness in slot coating in both the slot over roll and tensioned web modes. The minimum film thickness here is defined with respect to the onset of air entrainment rather than rivulets, the reason being that rivulets are an extreme form of instabilities occurring at much higher speeds. The gas viscosity effects are simulated experimentally by encasing the coaters in a sealed gas chamber in which various gases can be admitted. An appropriate choice of two gases was used to compare performances: air at atmospheric pressure and helium at sub-ambient pressure (25mbar), which we establish has a significantly lower "thin film" viscosity than atmospheric air. A capacitance sensor was used to continuously measure the film thickness on the web, which was ramped up in speed at a fixed acceleration whilst visualizations of the film stability were recorded through a viewing port in the chamber. The data collected show clearly that by coating in rarefied helium rather that atmospheric air we can reduce the minimum film thickness or air/gas entrainment low-flow limit. We attribute this widening of the stable coating window to the enhancement of dynamic wetting that results when the thin film gas viscosity is reduced. These results have evident practical significance for slot coating, the coating method of choice in many new technological applications, but it is their fundamental merit which is new and one that should be followed with further data and theoretical underpinning.

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Slot-die processing of lithium-ion battery electrodes—Coating window characterization

Cited by 113 publications

References 14 publications

Analytical determination of process windows for bilayer slot die coating

Analytical determination of process windows for bilayer slot die coating

A novel slurry concept for the fabrication of lithium-ion battery electrodes with beneficial properties

Slot coating minimum film thickness in air and in rarefied helium

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