Sliding Mode Power Control of Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of controlling power generation in variable-speed wind energy conversion systems (VS-WECS). These systems have two operation regions depending on the wind turbine tip-speed ratio. They are distinguished by minimum phase behavior in one of these regions and a nonminimum phase in the other one. A sliding mode control strategy is then proposed to ensure stability in both operation regions and to impose the ideal feedback control solution despite model uncertainties. The proposed sliding mode control strategy presents attractive features such as robustness to parametric uncertainties of the turbine and the generator as well as to electric grid disturbances. The proposed sliding mode control approach has been simulated on a 1.5-MW three-blade wind turbine to evaluate its consistency and performance. The next step was the validation using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) wind turbine simulator called the fatigue, aerodynamics, structures, and turbulence code (FAST). Both simulation and validation results show that the proposed control strategy is effective in terms of power regulation. Moreover, the sliding mode approach is arranged so as to produce no chattering in the generated torque that could lead to increased mechanical stress because of strong torque variations. Index Terms-Power generation control, sliding mode control, wind energy conversion system. NOMENCLATURE B g Generator external stiffness (newton meter/radian second). B r Rotor external stiffness (newton meter/radian second). C p (λ) Power coefficient. C q (λ) Torque coefficient. J g Generator inertia (kilogram meter 2). J r Rotor inertia (kilogram meter 2). K g Generator external damping (newton meter/radian second). K r Rotor external damping (newton meter/radian second). n g Gearbox ratio. P a Aerodynamic power (watt). P g Generated power (watt). R Rotor radius (meter).

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