Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Peanut Shell Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Abstract

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for simultaneous optimization of dependent variables, including DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI), and collagenase activity inhibition (CAI) of peanut shell extracts. The effects of the main variables including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min, X1), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C, X2), and ethanol concentration (0.0%~99.5%, X3) were optimized. Based on experimental values from each condition, quadratic regression models were derived for the prediction of optimum conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variable was in the range of 0.89~0.96, which demonstrates that the regression model is suitable for the prediction. In predicting optimal UAE conditions based on the superimposing method, extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 36.6 °C, and ethanol concentration of 93.2% were identified. Under these conditions, RSA of 74.9%, TAI of 50.6%, and CAI of 86.8% were predicted, showing good agreement with the experimental values. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that peanut shell extract decreased mRNA levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genes in B16-F0 cell. Therefore, we identified the skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects of peanut shell extracts at protein as well as gene expression levels, and the results show that peanut shell is an effective cosmetic material for skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. Based on this study, peanut shell, which was considered a byproduct, can be used for the development of healthy foods, medicines, and cosmetics.

Effects of novel cellulase (Cel 906) and probiotic yeast fermentation on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata)

“…Compared with the control group ( Figure 4C ), the tyrosinase inhibition rates of the fermentation broth at three experimental concentrations were significantly different, and the tyrosinase inhibition rate of the 2.5% fermentation broth (32.45%) was similar to that of kojic acid (33.67%). Tyrosinase is a pivotal enzyme in melanin synthesis, so inhibition of tyrosinase activity can reduce melanin production ( Gam et al, 2021 ).…”

The Peanut Skin Procyanidins Attenuate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice

“…Peanut skin procyanidin extract (PSPE) has been reported to possess various biological activities [ 22 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Peanut skin contains a variety of dietary polyphenols, especially procyanidins, which may be major active components of peanut skin [ 29 ] and are composed of flavan-3-alcohol structural units, and the monomers, mainly including catechin, epicatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate, etc.…”

Bioactive compounds of peanut skin in prevention and adjunctive treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases

“…16 Numerous research has investigated the compounds considered antinutritional factors, such as some phenolics, 49 as they present antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and enzymatic inhibitor capabilities with amylases, glucosidases, lipases, and consequently actions in the prevention and therapy of diseases. [79][80][81] Especially in cases of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as dyslipidaemias, diabetes and cancer. [81][82][83][84] Peanut vine.…”