Skin substitutes: An overview

Ho, W.S

doi:10.1046/j.1442-2034.2002.00150.x

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, after few weeks, it is challenging to handle these keratinocytes, thus requiring a delivery system or a supporting dressing [48,49]. Commercially available CEAs have different delivery or carrier systems.…”

Section: Types Of Skin Substitutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering

Vig

Chaudhari

Tripathi

et al. 2017

IJMS

512

418

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Tissue engineered skin substitutes for wound healing have evolved tremendously over the last couple of years. New advances have been made toward developing skin substitutes made up of artificial and natural materials. Engineered skin substitutes are developed from acellular materials or can be synthesized from autologous, allograft, xenogenic, or synthetic sources. Each of these engineered skin substitutes has their advantages and disadvantages. However, to this date, a complete functional skin substitute is not available, and research is continuing to develop a competent full thickness skin substitute product that can vascularize rapidly. There is also a need to redesign the currently available substitutes to make them user friendly, commercially affordable, and viable with longer shelf life. The present review focuses on providing an overview of advances in the field of tissue engineered skin substitute development, the availability of various types, and their application.

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Section: Types Of Skin Substitutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering

Vig

Chaudhari

Tripathi

et al. 2017

IJMS

512

418

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After the 1880 report of an absorbent dressing made of cotton wool and gauze, in 1895 a technique was described involving harvesting epithelial cells by scraping and seeding them onto wounds. The birth date of the fi rst successful attempt to culture skin was in 1975 when Rheinwald and Green grew human keratinocytes on lethally irradiated murine fi broblasts [ 41 ]. Six years later another group used cultured autologous epithelium to cover burn defects [ 42 ].…”

Section: Skin Substitutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials, Scaffolds, and Skin Tissue Regeneration

Leonida

Kumar

2016

SpringerBriefs in Bioengineering

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Skin tissue regeneration has been in use for a number of decades during which it saw many developments. At the present it belongs to the new interdisciplinary fi eld of nanomedicine which blends knowledge of biomaterials with engineering principles and understanding of pathology and function of tissues. Research in this area continues because, as of now, no synthetic product has succeeded to fully reproduce the characteristics of healthy skin.

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“…for treating burn wounds [41]. In 1984, Gallico et al applied cultured keratinocyte sheets for burn wounds in children who suffered with 95% total body surface area (TBSA) [42]. Since then expansion in this field has led to the use of autologous cultured skin, which is also referred to as cultured epidermal autografts (CEAs), in combination with autologous keratinocytes to create composite autologous skin for closure of burn wounds [43][44][45].…”

Section: Full-thickness Skin Graftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical application of skin substitutes

Damodaran¹,

Syed

Leigh

et al. 2008

Expert Review of Dermatology

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There has been a perpetual demand for skin and its replacements, which has fuelled advances in the development of novel skin substitutes. The field of skin bioengineering has made mammoth progress in the last 30 years, helped by the advances in the biotechnology and understanding of wound-healing mechanisms. The options for skin substitutes currently range from the cadaveric skin of the past to a number of epidermal, dermal and composite constructs. This review focuses on the clinical applications of various skin substitutes currently available, looking into their advantages and disadvantages and the scope for future improvements. KEYWORDS: allograft • autograft • bioengineering • skin substitute • xenograftOverview of skin substitutes, driving needs Skin is the largest and a vital organ of the body, made of multiple layers of epithelial tissues. Skin plays the most important role in protecting the body against chemicals and pathogens. Its other main functions are insulation, control of evaporation and temperature regulation. The outermost epidermis consists of stratified squamous epithelium with the underlying connective tissue, the dermis, and the hypodermis or basement membrane. The epidermis forms the waterproof, protective wrap over the body surface against mechanical, chemical or thermal stress, and consists of keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans' cells and merkels cells. Keratinocytes undergo differentiation and express several proteins, such as keratins and cadherins. Dermis is situated below the epidermis and consists of dense connective tissue fibers that cushion the body from stress and strain and also gives the dermis its properties of strength, elasticity and extensibility. Collagen is a main protein of the connective tissue and forms the extracellular matrix, which is interwoven with elastin fibers and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), that supports most tissues and gives cells their outer structure. Skin is exposed to a wide range of insults, such as burns and trauma, resulting in complex wounds, and management of such wounds poses a great challenge. Wound closure requires a material to restore epidermal barrier function and become incorporated into the healing wounds. The use of skin grafts as a wound cover was well established in early 1970. Skin substitutes in the form of allografts (cadaver skin and human amnion) and xenografts (mainly pig) were used with the greatest potential for restoring the altered physiology of skin after severe burns and ulcers. Currently, bioengineered skin products and skin equivalents have been used for treating acute and chronic burn wounds. Since the discovery of keratinocyte sheets for wound-healing applications [1], several modifications in skin substitutes with multiple compositions were designed and tested for treating wounds [1,2]. Recent skin substitutes contain live cells, such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in bioengineered scaffolds of natural or synthetic matrices, which provide mechanical stability for the cells to grow [3]. For long-term recovery, the str...

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Skin substitutes: An overview

Cited by 8 publications

References 79 publications

Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering

Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering

Nanomaterials, Scaffolds, and Skin Tissue Regeneration

Clinical application of skin substitutes

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