Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Tissue engineered skin substitutes for wound healing have evolved tremendously over the last couple of years. New advances have been made toward developing skin substitutes made up of artificial and natural materials. Engineered skin substitutes are developed from acellular materials or can be synthesized from autologous, allograft, xenogenic, or synthetic sources. Each of these engineered skin substitutes has their advantages and disadvantages. However, to this date, a complete functional skin substitute is not available, and research is continuing to develop a competent full thickness skin substitute product that can vascularize rapidly. There is also a need to redesign the currently available substitutes to make them user friendly, commercially affordable, and viable with longer shelf life. The present review focuses on providing an overview of advances in the field of tissue engineered skin substitute development, the availability of various types, and their application.

Keratin scaffolds with human adipose stem cells: Physical and biological effects toward wound healing

“…Because reepithelialization is activated through dynamic dermal–epidermal interactions (Shevchenko, James, & James, ), the graft should reveal higher resistance and elasticity to wound contraction and scar formation (Lee, ). In other words, the restoration of dermis needs three‐dimensional scaffolds to provide strength to the epidermal graft and feed the keratinocytes in the epidermal layer (Vig et al, ). Therefore, suitable biomaterials for wound healing is needed.…”

Construction of a dermis–fat composite in vivo: Optimizing heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix with in vitro pretreatment

“…In recent years, basic research and clinical application of skin tissue engineering have made great progress (Vig et al, ); (Sheikholeslam, Wright, Jeschke, & Amini‐Nik, ), but the tissue engineering research of skin flap, another important technical tool of reparative and reconstructive surgery, has not progressed much (Camuzard et al, ). Skin flaps harbor more tissue types than skin grafts since they have their own blood supply and are therefore more suitable for the repair of deep wounds and chronic wounds with poor local nutrition as well as organ reconstruction (Telfer, Tong, & Moy, ).…”

Bone tissue engineering: Adult stem cells in combination with electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds

“…Tissues can be synthesized from synthetic sources too (Vig et al, ). To illustrate, most hard periodontal tissue replacement graft are commonly used for periodontal regenerative applications.…”

“…Tissues can be synthesized from synthetic sources too (Vig et al, 2017 (Chung, Housseau, & Elisseeff, 2017).…”