Skin Pigmentation and Melanoma Risk

D’Orazio, John A.; Marsch, Amanda F.; Lagrew, James; Veith, W. Brooke

doi:10.5772/18681

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…UV radiation creates bulky DNA lesions that must be removed and repaired by repair mechanisms such as NER; if these pathways are disrupted, mutational events will be propagated. The disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is caused by hereditary mutations in one of eight NER genes; XPA, XPB, XPD, XPE, XPF, XPG, or XP-V. 10,16 Though mutations in any of these eight nucleases result in XP, XPA and XPC are the most commonly mutated and account for half the cases of XP. 10,16 The lack of functional NER pathways results in the accumulation of UV or chemically induced mutations in the skin and a heightened risk of skin malignancies.…”

Section: Molecular Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is caused by hereditary mutations in one of eight NER genes; XPA, XPB, XPD, XPE, XPF, XPG, or XP-V. 10,16 Though mutations in any of these eight nucleases result in XP, XPA and XPC are the most commonly mutated and account for half the cases of XP. 10,16 The lack of functional NER pathways results in the accumulation of UV or chemically induced mutations in the skin and a heightened risk of skin malignancies. Patients with XP show extreme sensitivity to UV radiation; often they develop some form of skin cancer before the age of 10 and have a far greater risk of developing cutaneous melanoma on sun exposed skin than the population as a whole.…”

Section: Molecular Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with XP show extreme sensitivity to UV radiation; often they develop some form of skin cancer before the age of 10 and have a far greater risk of developing cutaneous melanoma on sun exposed skin than the population as a whole. 10,16 This disease highlights the importance of nucleotide excision repair in melanoma prevention.…”

Section: Molecular Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4,[6][7][8] It has long been known that melanoma risk was tied to skin, hair and eye coloration: people who have light skin that does not tan, blond or red hair, and light eyes have a much higher risk of having melanoma compared to the population as a whole. 1,7,9,10 Coloration of the skin, hair and eyes is controlled, in part, by MC1R. Polymorphisms in the MC1R gene determine the activity level of MC1R.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment

Davis

Shalin

Tackett

2019

Cancer Biology & Therapy

593

463

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Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. In the early stages, melanoma can be treated successfully with surgery alone and survival rates are high, but after metastasis survival rates drop significantly. Therefore, early and correct diagnosis is key for ensuring patients have the best possible prognosis. Melanoma misdiagnosis accounts for more pathology and dermatology malpractice claims than any cancer other than breast cancer, as an early misdiagnosis can significantly reduce a patient’s chances of survival. As far as treatment for metastatic melanoma goes, there have been several new drugs developed over the last 10 years that have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma, however, a majority of patients do not show a lasting response to these treatments. Thus, new biomarkers and drug targets are needed to improve the accuracy of melanoma diagnosis and treatment. This article will discuss the major advancements of melanoma diagnosis and treatment from antiquity to the present day.

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Section: Molecular Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment

Davis

Shalin

Tackett

2019

Cancer Biology & Therapy

593

463

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Periocular invasive melanoma manifestation in a patient using bimatoprost: case report and literature review

Deveau

Silva

et al. 2021

Orbit

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AND melanoma) OR (periorbital AND lentigo AND maligna) OR (periocular AND pigmentation) OR (periocular AND hyperpigmentation) OR (periocular AND melanoma) OR (periocular AND lentigo AND maligna) OR (periocular AND skin AND changes) OR (periorbital AND skin AND changes)))) AND ((prostaglandin OR (prostaglandin AND analogue) OR (prostaglandin AND analog) OR latanoprost OR travoprost OR bimatoprost OR tafluprost) OR (melanoma and prostaglandin) OR (melanoma AND latanoprost) OR (melanoma AND bimatoprost))

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Alcohol as a Non-UV Social-Environmental Risk Factor for Melanoma

Yamauchi

Shangraw²,

Zhai³

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Although cancer mortality has declined among the general population, the incidence of melanoma continues to rise. While identifying high-risk cohorts with genetic risk factors improves public health initiatives and clinical care management, recognizing modifiable risk factors such as social-environmental risk factors would also affect the methods of patient outreach and education. One major modifiable social-environmental risk factor associated with melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, not all forms of melanoma are correlated with sun exposure or occur in sun-exposed areas. Additionally, UV exposure is rarely associated with tumor progression. Another social-environmental factor, pregnancy, does not explain the sharply increased incidence of melanoma. Recent studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption is positively linked with an increased risk of cancers, including melanoma. This perspective review paper summarizes epidemiological data correlating melanoma incidence with alcohol consumption, describes the biochemical mechanisms of ethanol metabolism, and discusses how ethanol and ethanol metabolites contribute to human cancer, including melanoma.

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Skin Pigmentation and Melanoma Risk

Cited by 3 publications

References 149 publications

Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment

Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment

Periocular invasive melanoma manifestation in a patient using bimatoprost: case report and literature review

Alcohol as a Non-UV Social-Environmental Risk Factor for Melanoma

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