Skin Irritant and Tumor Promoting Diterpene Esters of the Tigliane Type from the Chinese Tallow Tree (Sapium sebiferum)*

Abstract

From seed oil of the Chinese tallow tree skin irritant principles could be enriched; their diterpene parent was recognized as 12-deoxyphorbol (la). Skin irritant Sapium factors S1 to S8 were isolated from roots; they represent 13-monoesters of 12-deoxyphorbol (Ia) (S4-S8), 12,13-diesters of phorbol (2a) (S and S2) and of 63,713-epoxyphorbol (3a) (S3). The factors S1. S5 and a homologue of S3 are known as tumor promoters.

Tigliane Diterpenoids from the Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae Families

“…133 Most of the 13-monoesters and 13,20-diesters of 12deoxyphorbol showed different levels of inflammatory activity in a mouse ear method. 46,57,[68][69][70]72,73,75,78,79,85,88,95,129 As shown in Table 8, the parent alcohol of the above compounds, 12-deoxyphorbol (74), was originally isolated from Euphorbia triangularis and exhibited no irritant effects upon mice skin. 64 The presence of a 5β-hydroxy group (131) in the tigliane increased the biological activity as compared to the corresponding 5-deoxy compounds (75).…”

“…12-Deoxyphorbol esters are potent toxins that cause severe inflammation to the skin . Most of the 13-monoesters and 13,20-diesters of 12-deoxyphorbol showed different levels of inflammatory activity in a mouse ear method. ,,− ,,,,,,,,, …”

Host Plants of the Immature Stages of the Invasive Longan Lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.) (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) in Taiwan

“…The evidence of functional morphology in the development of sensory organs on the antenna of L. delicatula indicated that the number, size, and complexity of the sensilla increased with nymphal instars, and thus insect behavior such as host plant orientation may be more efficient and specialized in locating the preferred host plants [11]. Fittingly, T. sebifera is poisonous to humans and some animals [12][13][14]. Thus, it might explain the host plant changes over time according to the developmental stages of P. candelaria.…”

Seedbank Potential of Chinese Tallow Tree (Triadica sebifera) in a Texas Bottomland Hardwood Forest

“…They report that, by the fifth day of a no-choice feeding trial of terminal leaves and unripened fruits by ruminants (steer and goat), five of seven animals were "severely emaciated" and by the sixth day, one animal had died. Seip et al (1983) cautions against using the seed oil as a food additive for humans or livestock, based on isolation of skin irritants and tumor-promoting compounds from the kernel oil.…”

“…Roots (entire) Kernel Oil (stillingia) Seip et al, (1983) Topical irritant and tumor-promoting activity shown in mouse skin bioassays.…”