A two-year aeropalynological study performed during January 14, 1993 to December 31, 1994 in Taipei City revealed 154 different pollen taxa, with the most frequent being Broussonet/a (31.3%), Trema (15%), Bischofia (6.9%), Mallotus (6.8%), Cyathea (3.8%), Morus (3.7%), Fraxinus (2.9%) and Gramineae (2.8%), respectively. Two quantitative peaks of pollen grains appeared in March and in September in 1993, but only one peak in 1994. The dominant pollen taxa during these two peaks were Broussonet/a and Mallotus. The heavy rain in February 1994 seemed to have delayed the first pollen peak to April, but Broussonetia was still the most frequent taxon. After July 1994, six typhoons brought heavy precipitation to northern Taiwan. Different weather types might have an effect on the concentration of airborne pollen grains, so that the timing of quantitative peaks was different in the two studied year~ Arboreal pollen (AP), non-arboreal pollen (NAP) and fern spores (FS) constituted 81.7%, 7.7% and 7.8% of the two-year sum, respectively. AP dominated from January to June, NAP in November and fern spores in July. Native species in the Taipei Basin and trees along urban roadsides were the common sources of airborne pollen. The pollen calendar of two years in Taipei City was submitted.
The longan lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.), has been invading mainland Taiwan since 2018, but the distribution of the species has been confined to northern Taiwan until now. The manual removal of the adult insects from the longan is still the main control strategy because of the uncertainty around other key host plants, especially for eggs and nymphs. In this study, large numbers of eggs and nymphs were found on Triadica sebifera (L.) Small and Acacia confusa Merr. The occurrence of immature individuals on Triadica sebifera increased with developmental stage from eggs to the last instar from May to July 2021. On 30 April, the first egg mass was recorded. More egg masses were recorded in May, and some could be found in July. In May, only two younger instars were detected. Third and fourth instars began to appear from June, while the fifth instar was mainly recorded from July onwards. The results of this study provide great strategic value for decision-makers to allow for effective control of the target tree species. For now, we proved that longan and pomelo trees, preferred by adults, are not the key hosts for the immature stages of this insect, because few immature individuals were found on them. Therefore, we suggest that the existence of Triadica sebifera should be considered when analyzing possible spreading areas of this invasive lanternfly in Taiwan.
Although Pyrops watanabei is a species native to Taiwan, many fundamental aspects of the species are still poorly documented. Populations of the lanternfly in locations of northern Taiwan were found in abundance and were suitable for the conduction of an investigation from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022. We established the shift in the main host plants with different developmental stages. The occurrence of immature individuals on Heptapleurum heptaphyllum increased with age from eggs to nymphs in the third instar; however, it declined from the fourth instar onwards due to a shift in preference to Triadica sebifera. In 2021, the earliest detection of an egg mass was on 1 July. More eggs were recorded in August, and some could be found in September and October of the same year. In 2022, we found an egg mass on 28 June. In August 2021, nymphs in the first and second instars were detected. Then, nymphs in the third and fourth instars appeared after September and October 2021, respectively. Furthermore, nymphs in the fifth instar were sighted as late as March 2022. Finally, this study will provide a basis for further evaluation of the impact of invasion of Pyrops candelaria on the ecology of Pyrops watanabei.
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