We sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of Mnais tenuis from Darshi, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. The complete mitogenome of M. tenuis is 15,131 bp long, and contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and two rDNA genes. Nucleotide compositions of the mitogenome of the M. tenuis are A: 40.08%, T: 25.47%, C: 20.38%, and G: 14.07%. The AT and GC skewness of the mitogenome sequence was 0.2228 and À0.183, showing the A-skew and C-skew. The clade including M. tenuis and all the other Odonata species received absolute support (100%). The phylogenetic position of Anisozygoptera is sister to Anisoptera. Mnais is phylogenetically close to Psolodesmus. Mitogenomic data from this study will provide useful information for further studies for the population genetics, speciation and conservation of M. tenuis in the future.
In the present report, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of Euwallacea fornicatus from Sindien, New Taipei City, Taiwan. The length of the complete mitogenome of E. fornicatus is 15,743 bp and the mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA and two rDNA genes. Nucleotide compositions of the whole mitogenome are 39.41% for A, 33.84% for T, 16.64% for C, and 10.11% for G. The AT and GC skewness of mitogenome sequence was 0.076 and À0.244, showing the Askew and Cskew. The reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of 33 Curculionid species based on 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes received absolute support (100%). Euwallacea fornicates is sister to the rest species in Xyleborini. The phylogenetic position of Scolytinae is sister to the clade including Cucurlioninae, Molytinae and Cryptorhynchinae. Mitogenomic data from this study will provide useful information for further studies for the population genetics, invasive history and pest control of E. fornicatus in the future.
The longan lanternfly, Pyrops candelaria (L.), has been invading mainland Taiwan since 2018, but the distribution of the species has been confined to northern Taiwan until now. The manual removal of the adult insects from the longan is still the main control strategy because of the uncertainty around other key host plants, especially for eggs and nymphs. In this study, large numbers of eggs and nymphs were found on Triadica sebifera (L.) Small and Acacia confusa Merr. The occurrence of immature individuals on Triadica sebifera increased with developmental stage from eggs to the last instar from May to July 2021. On 30 April, the first egg mass was recorded. More egg masses were recorded in May, and some could be found in July. In May, only two younger instars were detected. Third and fourth instars began to appear from June, while the fifth instar was mainly recorded from July onwards. The results of this study provide great strategic value for decision-makers to allow for effective control of the target tree species. For now, we proved that longan and pomelo trees, preferred by adults, are not the key hosts for the immature stages of this insect, because few immature individuals were found on them. Therefore, we suggest that the existence of Triadica sebifera should be considered when analyzing possible spreading areas of this invasive lanternfly in Taiwan.
Although Pyrops watanabei is a species native to Taiwan, many fundamental aspects of the species are still poorly documented. Populations of the lanternfly in locations of northern Taiwan were found in abundance and were suitable for the conduction of an investigation from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022. We established the shift in the main host plants with different developmental stages. The occurrence of immature individuals on Heptapleurum heptaphyllum increased with age from eggs to nymphs in the third instar; however, it declined from the fourth instar onwards due to a shift in preference to Triadica sebifera. In 2021, the earliest detection of an egg mass was on 1 July. More eggs were recorded in August, and some could be found in September and October of the same year. In 2022, we found an egg mass on 28 June. In August 2021, nymphs in the first and second instars were detected. Then, nymphs in the third and fourth instars appeared after September and October 2021, respectively. Furthermore, nymphs in the fifth instar were sighted as late as March 2022. Finally, this study will provide a basis for further evaluation of the impact of invasion of Pyrops candelaria on the ecology of Pyrops watanabei.
In this article, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome of Neotermes koshunensis from the Pingtung County, Taiwan. This mitogenome is 15,589 bp long, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rDNA genes. Nucleotide composition of the whole mitogenome is 42.86% for A, 25.42% for T, 19.65% for C, and 12.07% for G. The AT and GC skewness of mitogenomic sequences are 0.255 and À0.239, showing the Askew and C-skew. Neotermes koshunensis grouped within the clade including the other nine Kalotermitidae species was well supported. The phylogenetic position of Kalotermitidae is sister to Neoisoptera (including Termitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Serritermitidae, and Stylotermitidae) in the current phylogenetic analysis. Mitogenomic data from this study will provide useful information for further studies on the phylogeny of Kalotermitidae.
We sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of
Philus pallescens
from Madou, Tainan County, Taiwan. The complete mitogenome of
P. pallescens
is 15,750 bp long, and contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA and two rDNA genes. Nucleotide compositions of the mitogenome of
P. pallescens
are A: 38.08%, T: 32.25%, C: 18.67%, and G: 11.00%. The AT and GC skewness of the mitogenome sequence were 0.0828 and −0.25845 respectively, showing the genome composition skewed toward adenine and cytosine. The phylogenetic position of Chrysomelidae is sister to all the other families in the superfamily Chrysomeloidea. The results indicate that Chrysomeloidea Cerambycidae is not a monophyletic group.
Philus
is phylogenetically close to Spiniphilus. Vesperidae is monophyletic and sister to Disteniidae. Mitogenomic data from this study will provide useful information for further studies on the population genetics, speciation, and pest management of
P. pallescens
.
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