Skin hydration analysis by experiment and computer simulations and its implications for diapered skin

Saadatmand, Mehrrad; Stone, K.; Vega, V. N.; Felter, Susan P.; Ventura, Stephanie A.; Kasting, Gerald B.; Jaworska, Joanna

doi:10.1111/srt.12362

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…, average of the last three measurements). The decrease of TEWL with time observed in the present study is consistent with the trend observed previously (Elkeeb et al, 2010; Saadatmand et al, 2017). Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Transepidermal water loss and skin conductance as barrier integrity tests

Zhang

Murawsky

LaCount

et al. 2018

Toxicology in Vitro

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In vitro skin permeation studies are commonly used in the risk assessment of toxic compound skin exposure. The present study examined the utility of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrical conductance as barrier integrity tests before skin permeation studies in vitro using a large number of skin samples and fentanyl. TEWL and conductance of the skin samples were measured before the permeation experiments in Franz diffusion cells in vitro with a vapometer and low voltage application, respectively. The data were analyzed based on the in vitro permeation results and in vivo skin absorption information from the transdermal fentanyl product labels. The results showed poor correlations between TEWL and electrical conductance for the skin samples. Weak correlations between fentanyl delivery rate (flux × area) and TEWL and skin conductance were observed. For comparison, TEWL and conductance were also examined after skin perturbation with a syringe needle, and both TEWL and conductance values of the skin samples increased after the perturbation. The data suggest that either TEWL of 10 g/m2/h or skin conductance of 0.07 mS/cm2 can be used as exclusion criteria in skin integrity testing to remove skin samples with high permeabilities under the in vitro conditions studied.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Transepidermal water loss and skin conductance as barrier integrity tests

Zhang

Murawsky

LaCount

et al. 2018

Toxicology in Vitro

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“…It ought to be emphasized that in the literature there are many studies (on subjects from different age and gender groups) addressing post-occlusion water diffusion in human stratum corneum, which were recently summarized by Saadatmand et al 21 and analysed using a numerical skin swelling model 16 with the biexponential approximation for the SC diffusivity ( 1 ) and the GAB sorption isotherm ( 29 ). It was concluded that for describing most of the collected SSWL data, in particular, the value of the GAB parameter k must be reduced similar to earlier microcalorimetry studies of human SC 22 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the developed model assumes the Dirichlet-type boundary conditions ( 5 ) on both sides of the SC membrane. However, when the surface of skin is exposed to moving air, it is known 16 , 21 that the Robin-type boundary condition, which relates the water flux at the skin surface to the difference ( ) with a mass transfer coefficient being dependent on the indoor wind velocity, would be more realistic. In this case, in view of Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of post-occlusion water diffusion in stratum corneum

Argatov

Roosen-Runge

Kocherbitov

2022

Sci Rep

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Diffusion of water through membranes presents a considerable challenge, as the diffusivity often depends on the local concentration of water. One particular example with strong biological relevance is the stratum corneum (SC) as the primary permeability barrier for the skin. A simple alternative for the constant diffusivity model is provided by the Fujita’s two-parameter rational approximation, which captures the experimentally observed fact that the SC diffusion constant for water increases with increasing the water concentration. Based on Fick’s law of diffusion, a one-dimensional concentration-dependent diffusion model is developed and applied for the analysis of both the steady-state transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and the non-steady-state so-called skin surface water loss (SSWL) occurred after removal of an occlusion patch from the SC surface. It is shown that some of the age-related changes in the SSWL can be qualitatively explained by the variation of the dimensionless Fujita concentration-dependence parameter.

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“…These utilities are widely used and applied in different medical areas, such as orthopedics, phlebology, geriatrics, surgery, during hospitalization, or due to immobility. The investigation of microclimatic conditions between different textile materials and the skin is important, since unfavorable microclimatic conditions, especially due to pressure, friction, temperature, and moisture, are known to cause dermal irritations, eczema, and diseases and can lead to erosions or ulcerations demanding wound care …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation of microclimatic conditions between different textile materials and the skin is important, since unfavorable microclimatic conditions, especially due to pressure, friction, temperature, and moisture, are known to cause dermal irritations, eczema, and diseases and can lead to erosions or ulcerations demanding wound care. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A constant pressure decreases the microcirculation in the skin and can entail damage to the blood vessels, capillaries, and surrounding tissue. This becomes considerably obvious in the case of prostheses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of polyester spacer fabric, cotton, chloroprene rubber, and silicone on microclimatic and morphologic physiologic skin parameters in vivo

Jung

Schleusener

Knorr

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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Background Skin diseases can develop upon disadvantageous microclimate in relation to skin contact with textiles of supporting devices. Increased temperature, moisture, mechanical fracture, pressure, and inflammatory processes often occur mutually and enhance each other in their adverse effects. Therefore, the early prevention of skin irritations by improvement of microclimatic properties of skin in contact with supporting devices is important. Materials and Methods In this study, the microclimate under occlusion with polyester, cotton, chloroprene rubber, and silicone textiles, used for supporting devices, was analyzed by determining several characteristic physiologic skin parameters in vivo, including temperature, moisture, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). This is achieved by comparing a miniaturized in vivo detection device with several established optical and sensory methods in vivo. Results A highly significant TEWL decrease was found after polyester, chloroprene rubber, and silicone application. The application of all materials showed highly significant decrease in skin surface temperature, with chloroprene rubber showing the lowest. Similarly, all materials showed highly significant increase in relative moisture, where the highest increase was found for chloroprene rubber and silicone and the lowest increase for cotton. The cutaneous carotenoid concentration of chloroprene rubber, silicone, and polyester decreased. A manipulation of the surface structure of the stratum corneum was recognized for all materials except for cotton by laser scanning microscopy. Conclusion The skin parameters temperature, relative moisture, antioxidant status, and TEWL can effectively characterize the microclimatic environment during occlusion with medical supporting materials. These parameters could potentially be used to develop standardized testing procedures for material evaluation.

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Skin hydration analysis by experiment and computer simulations and its implications for diapered skin

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Transepidermal water loss and skin conductance as barrier integrity tests

Transepidermal water loss and skin conductance as barrier integrity tests

Dynamics of post-occlusion water diffusion in stratum corneum

Influence of polyester spacer fabric, cotton, chloroprene rubber, and silicone on microclimatic and morphologic physiologic skin parameters in vivo

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