Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players: speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training

Fransson, Dan; Nielsen, T.; Olsson, Karin; Christensson, Tobias; Bradley, Paul S.; Fatouros, Ioannis G.; Krustrup, Peter; Nordsborg, Nikolai Baastrup; Mohr, Magni

doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3751-5

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The variability in load metrics across the microcycle has not been explored sufficiently within the literature, despite a plethora of studies quantifying competition variability (14,16). Changes in stimuli and load are important for training adaptations within the elite setting (24). Another area that has yet to be covered in detail is the contextualization of the microcycle, with most studies failing to provide any specific details of training sessions (e.g., the training session held the day before the match was referred to as match day [MD]-1 and included tactical preparation with set pieces).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of a Professional Football Team's External Load Using a Microcycle Structure

Martín-García

Díaz

Bradley

et al. 2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Martín-García, A, Gómez Díaz, A, Bradley, PS, Morera, F, and Casamichana, D. Quantification of a professional football team's external load using a microcycle structure. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3520-3527, 2018-The aims of this study were to (a) determine the external load of a football team across playing position and relative to competition for a structured microcycle and (b) examine the loading and variation the day after competition for players with or without game time. Training and match data were obtained from 24 professional football players who belonging to the reserve squad of a Spanish La Liga club during the 2015/16 season using global positioning technology (n = 37 matches and n = 42 training weeks). Training load data were analyzed with respect to the number of days before or after a match (match day [MD] minus or plus). Training load metrics declined as competition approached (MD-4 > MD-3 > MD-2 > MD-1; p < 0.05; effect sizes [ES]: 0.4-3.1). On the day after competition, players without game time demonstrated greater load in a compensatory session (MD + 1C) that replicated competition compared with a recovery session (MD + 1R) completed by players with game time (MD + 1C > MD + 1R; p < 0.05; ES: 1.4-1.6). Acceleration and deceleration metrics during training exceeded 50% of that performed in competition for MD + 1C (80-86%), MD-4 (71-72%), MD-3 (62-69%), and MD-2 (56-61%). Full backs performed more high-speed running and sprint distance than other positions at MD-3 and MD-4 (p < 0.05; ES: 0.8-1.7). The coefficient of variation for weekly training sessions ranged from ∼40% for MD-3 and MD-4 to ∼80% for MD + 1R. The data demonstrate that the external load of a structured microcycle varied substantially based on the players training day and position. This information could be useful for applied sports scientists when trying to systematically manage load, particularly compensatory conditioning for players without game time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of a Professional Football Team's External Load Using a Microcycle Structure

Martín-García

Díaz

Bradley

et al. 2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

Self Cite

175

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nonetheless, the small to moderate within-group changes might be explained by muscular adaptation, including an increase in substrate (i.e. phosphocreatine), enzymatic activity 7,8 and alteration of contractile properties, 23 as well as potential neural adaptations (i.e. fibre recruitment, firing rate, motor unit synchronisation, recruitment of the gluteal muscle group).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-volume sprint interval training (SIT) might be appealing during the season where players can be exposed to maximalintensity activity through a reduced workload that also enables coaches to address technical and tactical aspects of the game. 6 It is well-documented that SIT (~20-30 s) offers an effective strategy for inducing rapid physiological remodelling 7,8 and increasing physical 'fitness' in athletic populations. 6,9 Moreover, improvements in intermittent-and endurance-based exercise performance have been observed after only two weeks of SIT, 6,10,11 and are attributed to morphological and metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle [10][11][12] and improved cardiorespiratory capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of In-Season, Low-Volume Sprint Interval Training With and Without Sport-Specific Actions on the Physical Characteristics of Elite Academy Rugby League Players

Dobbin¹,

Highton²,

Moss³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To determine the utility of running-only and rugby-specific, in-season sprint interval interventions in professional rugby league players. Methods: Thirty-one professional academy rugby players were assigned to a rugby-specific (SITr/s, n = 16) or running-only (SITr, n = 15) sprint interval training group. Measures of speed, power, change of direction ability, prone Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Yo-Yo IR1) performance, and heart rate recovery were taken before and after the 2-week intervention as were submaximal responses to the prone Yo-Yo IR1. Internal, external, and perceptual responses were collected during SITr/s and SITr, with well-being and neuromuscular function assessed before each session. Results: Despite contrasting (possible to most likely) internal, external, and perceptual responses to the SIT interventions, possible to most likely within-group improvements in physical characteristics, heart rate recovery, and submaximal responses to the prone Yo-Yo IR1 were observed after both interventions. Between-group analysis favored the SITr/s intervention (trivial to moderate) for changes in 10-m sprint time, countermovement jump, change of direction, and medicine ball throw as well as submaximal (280–440 m) high metabolic power, PlayerLoad™, and acceleration distance during the prone Yo-Yo IR1. Overall changes in well-being or neuromuscular function were unclear. Conclusions: Two weeks of SITr/s and SITr were effective for improving physical characteristics, heart rate recovery, and submaximal responses to the prone Yo-Yo IR1, with no clear change in well-being and neuromuscular function. Between-group analysis favored the SITr/s group, suggesting that the inclusion of sport-specific actions should be considered for in-season conditioning of rugby league players.

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“…Interestingly, Fransson et al [26] showed remarkable changes in MCT-4 protein expression after 4 weeks of soccer specific training regimes like speed endurance (+30%) and small sided games (+61%) in well-trained soccer players. An increase in MCT-1 and MCT-4 density in skeletal muscle after 6 weeks of strength training was however merely reported by Juel et al [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven Weeks of Jump Training with Superimposed Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Does Not Affect the Physiological and Cellular Parameters of Endurance Performance in Amateur Soccer Players

Wirtz

Filipovic

Gehlert

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Intramuscular density of monocarboxylate-transporter (MCT) could affect the ability to perform high amounts of fast and explosive actions during a soccer game. MCTs have been proven to be essential for lactate shuttling and pH regulation during exercise and can undergo notable adaptational changes depending on training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and direction of potential effects of a 7-weeks training period of jumps with superimposed whole-body electromyostimulation on soccer relevant performance surrogates and MCT density in soccer players. For this purpose, 30 amateur soccer players were randomly assigned to three groups. One group performed dynamic whole-body strength training including 3 x 10 squat jumps with WB-EMS (EG, n = 10) twice a week in addition to their daily soccer training routine. A jump training group (TG, n = 10) performed the same training routine without EMS, whereas a control group (CG, n = 8) merely performed their daily soccer routine. 2 (Time: pre vs. post) x 3 (group: EG, TG, CG) repeated measures analyses of variance (rANOVA) revealed neither a significant time, group nor interaction effect for VO 2 peak, Total Time to Exhaustion and La max as well as MCT-1 density. Due to a lack of task-specificity of the underlying training stimuli, we conclude that seven weeks of WB-EMS superimposed to jump exercise twice a week does not relevantly influence aerobic performance or MCT density.

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Skeletal muscle and performance adaptations to high-intensity training in elite male soccer players: speed endurance runs versus small-sided game training

Cited by 52 publications

References 61 publications

Quantification of a Professional Football Team's External Load Using a Microcycle Structure

Quantification of a Professional Football Team's External Load Using a Microcycle Structure

The Effects of In-Season, Low-Volume Sprint Interval Training With and Without Sport-Specific Actions on the Physical Characteristics of Elite Academy Rugby League Players

Seven Weeks of Jump Training with Superimposed Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Does Not Affect the Physiological and Cellular Parameters of Endurance Performance in Amateur Soccer Players

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