Sja‐miR‐71a in <i>Schistosome</i> egg‐derived extracellular vesicles suppresses liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis via targeting semaphorin 4D

Wang, Lifu; Yao, Lihua; Yang, Ruibing; Yu, Zilong; Zhang, Lichao; Zhu, Zhihong; Wu, Xiaoying; Shen, Jia; Liu, Jiahua; Xu, Liang; Wu, Zhongdao; Sun, Xi

doi:10.1080/20013078.2020.1785738

Cited by 34 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Exosomes imposed by pathogenic microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites, may be exploited for the superior delivery of ncRNAs to evade host immune surveillance in vivo (112)(113)(114). Schistosoma japonicum eggderived exosomal Sja-miR-71a attenuated pathological progression and liver fibrosis in S. japonicum infection (115). Adult Schistosoma secretes exosomal miRNAs that are internalized by Th cells to evade immune surveillance (116).…”

Section: Clinical Application Of Exosomal Ncrnas Biological Effects Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Exosomes are natural nanoscale bilayer phospholipid vesicles that can be secreted by almost all types of cells and are detected in almost all types of body fluids. Exosomes are effective mediators of cell–cell signaling communication because of their ability to carry and transfer a variety of bioactive molecules, including non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs have also been found to exert strong effects on a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. Many researchers have established that exosomes encapsulate bioactive non-coding RNAs that alter the biological phenotype of specific target cells in an autocrine or a paracrine manner. However, the mechanism by which the producer cells package non-coding RNAs into exosomes is not well understood. This review focuses on the current research on exosomal non-coding RNAs, including the biogenesis of exosomes, the possible mechanism of sorting non-coding RNAs, their biological functions, and their potential for clinical application in the future.

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Section: Clinical Application Of Exosomal Ncrnas Biological Effects Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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“…Notably, sja-miR-2162 and sja-miR-1 are not the most abundant substances in schistosome-derived exosomes, but they can be detected in host HSCs ( 67 , 68 ), implying a selective exosomal miRNA sorting mechanism into host cells. Interestingly, a recent study found that S. japonicum egg-derived exosomes containing a higher abundance of sja-miR-71a could directly inhibit HSC activation in vitro , thereby attenuating liver fibrosis by targeting the TGF-β1 and IL13 axis ( 69 ). This finding is contrary to previous reports about free sja-miRNA ( 67 , 68 ).…”

Section: Exosome-mediated Host–parasite Interactions In Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is contrary to previous reports about free sja-miRNA ( 67 , 68 ). Meanwhile, S. japonicum egg-derived exosomes could downregulate Th2 and Th17 cells and increase Treg cells in S. japonicum -infected mice ( 69 ). It is notable that Th2 and Th17 cells can promote liver fibrosis ( 5 ), but Treg cells can inhibit T cell function ( 69 , 83 ) ( Figure 2B ).…”

Section: Exosome-mediated Host–parasite Interactions In Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Pathophysiology of Exosomes in Schistosomiasis: A New Direction for Disease Control and Prevention

et al. 2021

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease endemic to freshwater areas of Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America that is capable of causing serious damage to the internal organs. Recent studies have linked exosomes to the progression of schistosomiasis. These structures are important mediators for intercellular communication, assist cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material and have been shown to play critical roles during host–parasite interactions. This review aims to discuss the pathophysiology of exosomes in schistosomiasis and their roles in regulating the host immune response. Understanding how exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis may provide new perspectives in diagnosing and treating this neglected disease.

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“…It was shown that in addition to egg-antigens, the S. japonicum eggs release EVs that can transfer parasitic miRNA cargo into hepatocytes in the infected mice ( Zhu et al., 2016b ). The transferred schistosomal miRNA miR-71a attenuates the pathological progression and liver fibrosis ( Zhu et al., 2016b ), via inhibition of the TGF-beta1/SMAD and IL-13/STAT6 pathways by direct targeting of semaphorin 4D ( Wang et al., 2020 ). In addition, treatment of S. japonicum infected mice with miR-71a increases the percentage of Treg cells and reduces of the effector Th1/Th2/Th17 cells in the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bantam induces the differentiation toward the M1 macrophages ( Liu et al., 2019 ), and additional 39 potential human targets ( Samoil et al., 2018 ). MiR-71a attenuates the pathological progression of liver fibrosis ( Wang et al., 2020 ). MiR-2162-3p, a schistosome-specific microRNA that is consistently present in the hepatic stellate cells of S. japonicum infected mice, promotes hepatic fibrosis by regulating TGFβ receptor III, a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling ( He et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: Schistosomal Long-Range Precise Weapon to Manipulate the Immune Response

Avni

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis), a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 240 million people around the world, is caused by infection with the helminth parasite Schistosoma. As part of their secretome, schistosomes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that modulate the host immune response. The EV-harbored miRNAs upregulate the innate immune response of the M1 pathway and downregulate the differentiation toward the adaptive Th2 immunity. A schistosomal egg-derived miRNA increases the percentage of regulatory T cells. This schistosomal-inducible immunoediting process generates ultimately a parasitic friendly environment that is applied carefully as restrained Th2 response is crucial for the host survival and successful excretion of the eggs. Evidence indicates a selective targeting of schistosomal EVs, however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear yet. The effects of the schistosomes on the host immune system is in accordance with the hygiene hypothesis, attributing the dramatic increase in recent decades in allergy and other diseases associated with imbalanced immune response, to the reduced exposure to infectious agents that co-evolved with humans during evolution. Deciphering the bioactive cargo, function, and selective targeting of the parasite-secreted EVs may facilitate the development of novel tools for diagnostics and delivered therapy to schistosomiasis, as well as to immune-associated disorders.

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Sja‐miR‐71a in Schistosome egg‐derived extracellular vesicles suppresses liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis via targeting semaphorin 4D

Abstract: Sun (2020) Sja-miR-71a in Schistosome egg-derived extracellular vesicles suppresses liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis via targeting semaphorin 4D,

Cited by 34 publications

References 58 publications

Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application

Understanding the Pathophysiology of Exosomes in Schistosomiasis: A New Direction for Disease Control and Prevention

Extracellular Vesicles: Schistosomal Long-Range Precise Weapon to Manipulate the Immune Response

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