Understanding the Pathophysiology of Exosomes in Schistosomiasis: A New Direction for Disease Control and Prevention

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease endemic to freshwater areas of Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America that is capable of causing serious damage to the internal organs. Recent studies have linked exosomes to the progression of schistosomiasis. These structures are important mediators for intercellular communication, assist cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material and have been shown to play critical roles during host–parasite interactions. This review aims to discuss the pathophysiology of exosomes in schistosomiasis and their roles in regulating the host immune response. Understanding how exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis may provide new perspectives in diagnosing and treating this neglected disease.

Plasma-derived exosomal miRNA as potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of vector-borne diseases: A review

“…The exosomes in the arthropod’s saliva can be considered a carrier for various biological processes in vector-borne diseases. They transfer antigens, proteins and RNA into the host cell to influence metabolic processes, gene expression and immunological responses ( Figure 2 ; Yuan et al, 2021 ). Through this process, these exosomes may facilitate the transmission of arboviruses that cause dengue and encephalitis to mammals ( Zhou et al, 2019 ).…”