Sizing of Lithium-Ion Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Forklift Vehicle

Abstract

Nowadays, electric vehicles are one of the main topics in the new industrial revolution, called Industry 4.0. The transport and logistic solutions based on E-mobility, such as handling machines, are increasing in factories. Thus, electric forklifts are mostly used because no greenhouse gas is emitted when operating. However, they are usually equipped with lead-acid batteries which present bad performances and long charging time. Therefore, combining high-energy density lithium-ion batteries and high-power density supercapacitors as a hybrid energy storage system results in almost optimal performances and improves battery lifespan. The suggested solution is well suited for forklifts which continuously start, stop, lift up and lower down heavy loads. This paper presents the sizing of a lithium-ion battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for a forklift vehicle, using the normalized Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI) drive cycle. To evaluate the performance of the lithium-ion battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system, different sizing simulations are carried out. The suggested solution allows us to successfully optimize the system in terms of efficiency, volume and mass, in regard to the battery, supercapacitors technology and the energy management strategy chosen.

Hybrid Energy Storage System with Vehicle Body Integrated Super-Capacitor and Li-Ion Battery: Model, Design and Implementation, for Distributed Energy Storage

“…From Table 2 and Figure 10, the efficiency of the converter operating during constant charging can be computed, if the regenerative power is known, using (14).…”

“…An HESS with supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries is ideal for motor sports to cater to high acceleration and braking performance demands. The applications in electric vehicles [14] have been reported. An HESS is beneficial in microgrid applications with PV and wind power as inputs [15].…”

Multi-Objective Optimization of Hybrid Energy System of Solar Rechargeable Aircraft

“…There are many studies of the size of the storage system, including on the basis of a bunch of batteries and supercapacitors [6,7].…”

Battery Model Identification Approach for Electric Forklift Application

“…In this paper, we present a methodology for choosing the best battery model and the best experiment design for parameter identification with a focus on electric forklift application. Forklifts are part of the industrial environment and are critical resources that directly influence the overall efficiency of any manufacturing facility or warehouse [5,6]. Therefore, electric forklifts are widely used, and their improvement is certainly a main topic of research [5,7].…”

“…Forklifts are part of the industrial environment and are critical resources that directly influence the overall efficiency of any manufacturing facility or warehouse [5,6]. Therefore, electric forklifts are widely used, and their improvement is certainly a main topic of research [5,7]. The energy savings during the lowering of the payload is discussed in [8,9], in which they could reach 56% of energy saving efficiency in one cycle.…”