Hybrid Energy Storage System with Vehicle Body Integrated Super-Capacitor and Li-Ion Battery: Model, Design and Implementation, for Distributed Energy Storage

Abstract

In this paper, a distributed energy storage design within an electric vehicle for smarter mobility applications is introduced. Idea of body integrated super-capacitor technology, design concept and its implementation is proposed in the paper. Individual super-capacitor cells are connected in series or parallel to form a string connection of super-capacitors with the associated management unit to form a panel. These super-capacitor panels are shaped to fit the alternative concept of vehicle design, and it solves the design issues and prepares for configurable electric vehicles. Body integration of super-capacitors enhances the acceleration, and regenerative braking performances of the electric vehicle increases the operating life of the Li-ion battery and improves space utilization by giving more area for the main energy source, the Li-ion battery. Integrating super-capacitor into the car body involves special packaging technology to minimize space and promotes distributed energy storage within a vehicle. This pioneering design encourages future configurable electric vehicles. Model of both the Li-ion battery and the super-capacitor employed is studied with its series internal resistance determined at various C-rates. Loss and the efficiency analysis of the bi-directional converter, traits of body integrated super-capacitors system and control of the interleaved bi-directional converter to regulate the power-sharing in the hybrid energy storage system is presented.

Optimization of Permanent Magnet Parameters in Axial Flux Rotary Converter for HEV Drive

“…Proper interconnection of these two storage technologies has a crucial impact on the efficiency of the regenerative braking and the dynamic properties of the vehicle drive unit. Other benefits of using ultracapacitors can be found in the wider range of operating temperatures and in the significantly faster charging times in comparison to common Li-ion battery units [11,12].…”

“…∆P d = 0.005•P 2 (11) Stator winding copper losses were calculated using Equation (12), where m indicates the number of phases, R 1 is the resistance of one phase of the stator winding, and I n is the nominal stator current.…”

The Characterization of the Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) Using Python/MATLAB/Simulink (PMS)-Hybrid Model

“…Very noticeable is that the charge time for the two specific EDLCs, namely the 300 F and 400 F EDLCs, is quite large, making the EDLC very useful as a buffer between the source voltage and a battery. As a result of this, the battery is partially disconnected from the source voltage by the supercapacitor and can encounter less stress [13,14] in a microgrid HESS system, thus improving battery life [15]. Very noticeable is that the charge time for the two specific EDLCs, namely the 300 F and 400 F EDLCs, is quite large, making the EDLC very useful as a buffer between the source voltage and a battery.…”

“…Very noticeable is that the charge time for the two specific EDLCs, namely the 300 F and 400 F EDLCs, is quite large, making the EDLC very useful as a buffer between the source voltage and a battery. As a result of this, the battery is partially disconnected from the source voltage by the supercapacitor and can encounter less stress [13,14] in a microgrid HESS system, thus improving battery life [15].…”

Distributed Energy Resources: Operational Benefits

“…Another paper presents a project for distributed energy storage in an electric vehicle for smarter mobile applications. In their research, Raman et al [20] present HESS supercapacitor-battery analyses, including a simple model of a lithium-ion battery, a supercapacitor, and a bidirectional interleaved converter (BIC). The authors use three performance indicators: hybrid power ratio (HER) κe, hybrid peak power ratio (HPPR) κpp, and hybrid average power ratio (HAPR) κap.…”