Size Effect Analysis for Pullout Strength under Various Boundary Conditions

Tensile Strength of Short Headed Anchors Embedded in Steel Fibrous Concrete

“…(c) In some cases the failure occurred by splitting cracks on the surface of the specimen, but the bolt did not pullout from the concrete because some fibers remained bonded to the concrete near the head of the anchor and prevented pullout anchor bolt. In some cases the anchor bolts was pulled out from the concrete and some pieces of the cone still connected to the specimen, specially for long fibers (l W h e n ( h ef ) increase, the dimensions of the specimen must be increased to at least (6h ef × 6h ef ) to avoid the edge effect [9,10] and the corresponding decrease in the breakout capacity. Angle of failure (θ) decreases when (h ef ) increase [1,8], and the volume of the cone increase when (h ef ) increase also [1,4,8].…”

“…For short embedment depth, the concrete strength appeared to be more effective mainly because shallow anchors failed generally via concrete cone breakout. As the anchor embedment depth was increased, however, this beneficial effect was reduced due to shifting of failure mode of the anchors from concrete failure cone to pullout or steel failure [9].…”

“…The Figure shows that the amount of increase in the breakout capacity for anchor bolts embedded in (SFRC) with short steel fiber (l f / d f =19.63) was greater than for long fiber (l f / d f =36.33). This may be attributed to the fact that the distribution of short fibers in concrete mixes is better than for mixes with long fibers, and for the same volume fraction the number of fibers per unit volume of the matrix are more and the spacing are less between short fibers than those for long fibers [1,9,11]. In some cases the difference in breakout capacity values between the two types of fibers was small as shown in Fig.(7).…”

The Effect of Undercut Anchor Diameter on the Rock Failure Cone Area in Pullout Tests

“…By employing the computational prowess of numerical modeling methods [6][7][8][9] (e.g., Finite Element Method (FEM) [10][11][12][13][14] or Boundary Element Method (BEM) [15][16][17] or machine learning [18][19][20]) in conjunction with experimental research [21][22][23][24] we have developed a detailed understanding of the actual behavior of engineering structures and their optimization. What has emerged from the extensive laboratory research [25,26], theoretical analyzes [27][28][29] and FEM simulations [30][31][32] conducted to date on the subject is that the pullout anchor strength, also referred to as its load-carrying capacity, is affected by a number of other factors, such as mechanical parameters of concrete (e.g., [33][34][35][36]), effective embedment depth [37], the breakout anchor design [38,39], the anchor head geometry [40][41][42][43][44], or concrete reinforcement [45][46][47][48]…”