Six weeks of voluntary wheel running modulates inflammatory protein (MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-10) and DAMP (Hsp72) responses to acute stress in white adipose tissue of lean rats

Abstract

To prime local tissues for dealing with potential infection or injury, exposure to an acute, intense stressor evokes increases in circulating and local tissue inflammatory proteins. Regular physical activity facilitates stress-evoked innate reactivity and modulates the expression of inflammatory proteins in immuno-metabolic tissues such as white adipose tissue (WAT). The impact of regular physical activity on stress-evoked inflammatory protein expression in WAT, however, remains unclear. To investigate this question, lean male F344 rats (150–175 g) were allowed voluntary access to a running wheel for 6 weeks followed by exposure to an acute stressor (100, 1.5 mA-5 s inescapable tail shocks). Using ELISAs, corticosterone, heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72), macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations were measured in plasma and subcutaneous, intraperitoneal (epididymal and retroperitoneal WAT depots) and visceral (omental and mesenteric WAT depots) WAT compartments. Acute stress increased plasma concentrations of all proteins except TNF-α and, depending upon the compartment examined, WAT concentrations of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. Exercise ubiquitously increased IL-1β within WAT, potentiated stress-evoked Hsp72 in plasma and WAT, and differentially increased stress-evoked MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-10 within WAT. These data suggest: (a) inflammatory proteins in non-obese WAT may serve compartment-specific immune and metabolic roles important to the acute stress response and; (b) voluntary habitual exercise may optimize stress-induced augmentation of innate immune function through increases in stress-evoked Hsp72, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-10 and decreases in IL-1β/IL10 and TNF-α/IL10 ratios within white adipose tissue.

Habitual physical activity protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mouse adipose tissue

“…In support of our data, others have shown that 6 weeks of VWR 38 and exercise training 30 protect against acute stressors. For example, our group has shown that exercise training offers protection against adipose tissue inflammation induced by the b-3 adrenergic agonist CL 316, 243.…”

“…30 In this study, protective effects were primarily observed in eWAT for indices of IL-6 signaling as marked by the mRNA expression of IL-6 and SOCS3, along with the mRNA expression of TNF-a, yet a similar effect did not occur in iWAT. Others 38 have demonstrated that 6 weeks of VWR alters the response to acute tail shock stress in rats. They found that VWR led to an increase in the protein content of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-10, and a decrease in the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory proteins (e.g.…”

Effect of resistance exercise training on expression of Hsp70 and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats

“…When the immune system is challenged, an important flow of energy is required. The metabolic potential of adipose tissue and the energy needs of the immune system have probably led to the evolutionary development of feedback relationships between the two systems (Batra and Siegmund 2012;Lago et al 2007;Speaker et al 2014).…”

Physical and Immunological Aspects of Exercise in Chronic Diseases

“…For example, diabetic or metabolic syndrome males put on a 3-week daily exercise program showed significant reductions in body mass index, serum lipids and cholesterol, fasting glucose, insulin, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and C-reactive protein (CRP) [64,65]. Moreover, voluntary habitual exercise augments the innate immune system, through increases in stressevoked heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72), MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-10 and decreases inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha [66]. In addition, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels are significantly improved in physically active type-2 diabetic patients [67].…”