Physical and Immunological Aspects of Exercise in Chronic Diseases

Apostolopoulos, Vasso; Borkoles, Erika; Polman, Remco; Stojanovska, Lily

doi:10.2217/imt.14.76

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…An inverse correlation between physical activity and cancer has been demonstrated in many recently published studies as well: Apart from the association between physical activity and an overall healthy lifestyle (especially in relation to reduced body weight and fatness), physical activity might reduce cancer risk also through the induction of epigenetic modifications [44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The inverse correlation between fruit/vegetable consumption and cancer risk is well established: these foods harbor many protective factors such as polyphenols, flavonoids and fibers which are known to blunt cancer development [33,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus onset and evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma: results from a pilot study in a high-risk population

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus onset and evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma: results from a pilot study in a high-risk population

et al. 2015

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“…It is believed that a low intensity of everyday activity and a sedentary lifestyle constitute an independent risk of diseases known as "sedentariness" (such as diabetes, obesity or metabolic syndrome). A longitudinal Canadian study of 17,013 people aged over 12 years demonstrated that those who were inactive for a longer time span were 50% more likely to die prematurely in comparison with those who spent shorter periods of time in a sitting position [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

Tylutka

Morawin

Gramacki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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It is widely well documented that ageing is accompanied by remodelling of the immune system including thymic atrophy and increased frequency of senescent T cells, thereby leading to immune compromise. The interaction of physical activity and the immune response is very complex and depends on the immune system status as well as the intensity, the type and the frequency of exercise. However, daily physical activity which particularly influences immunity and which declines dramatically with age, has not been widely reported in the studies. Therefore, this study was designed to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life attenuates or reverses immunosenescence.The study subjects (n=99) were recruited from the University of the Third Age; they were assessed for the presence of chronic diseases and their functional capacity (6-min walking test) and cardiorespiratory (6-min Åstrand test) fitness were evaluated. Eventually, 54 subjects of the mean age >65 years participated in the study. The baseline peripheral naïve and memory T cells were analysed by flow cytometry in 34 elderly subjects who had maintained a high level of physical activity (Nordic-walking, Tai-Chi, cycling, 2-4 times per week) for much of their adult lives, and in 20 elderly people who had not been involved in regular exercise. The elderly who demonstrated a superior gait speed >1.3 m/s had a significantly higher the CD4+ naïve T lymphocyte population and a higher CD4+naïve/CD4+memory ratio compared to the inactive group. Above 50% of active individuals had the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥1 or ≤2.5 contrary to the inactive ones who demonstrated the values of CD4/CD8 ratio <1. Interestingly, the fat mass (FM) was positively correlated with CD4+ and CD4+memory in the inactive group which means that the number of CD4+memory cells and CD4+ T cells increased with the body fat content. Based on cytometry flow analysis, we concluded that major features of immunosenescence are contingent on lifestyle exercise in older adults.

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“…Physical activity has anti-inflammatory effects. 52 In view of this phenomenon, a reduced risk for MC in exercising individuals could hypothetically be expected. However, this was not the case in the present cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between the intake of specific dietary components and lifestyle factors and microscopic colitis

et al. 2016

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Background/Objectives:The incidence of microscopic colitis (MC) has increased over the previous decades. In addition to smoking and drugs, currently unidentified environmental factors may have a role. The aim of this study was to determine whether specific dietary or other lifestyle factors were associated with the development of MC.Subject/Methods:The population-based cohort Malmö Diet and Cancer Study of 28 095 individuals was examined. Information about dietary habits was collected by a modified diet history method. Data on anthropometry were measured, and socio-economic and lifestyle factors were collected by questionnaires. Cases of MC were identified in medical registers. Associations were estimated using Cox regression analysis.Results:During a 22-year period, 135 patients were diagnosed with MC. Intakes of protein, carbohydrates, sucrose, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, fibre and zinc were not associated with MC. We could verify the previously reported association between MC and smoking (hazard ratio (HR): 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66–3.84) and the female gender (HR: 3.57; 95% CI: 2.22–5.74). High alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk for MC (HR: 1.89 for the highest quartile; 95% CI: 0.82–4.33, P for trend=0.032). In a post hoc analysis, alcohol intake including all patients independently of consumption seemed to reduce the smoking-related risk.Conclusions:Despite a large cohort and a long follow-up period, we could not detect any dietary risk factors for MC. The aetiological mechanisms behind the positive impact of smoking and alcohol on MC risk should be investigated.

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Physical and Immunological Aspects of Exercise in Chronic Diseases

Cited by 45 publications

References 119 publications

Adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus onset and evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma: results from a pilot study in a high-risk population

Adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus onset and evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma: results from a pilot study in a high-risk population

Lifestyle Exercise Attenuates Immunosenescence; Flow Cytometry Analysis

The association between the intake of specific dietary components and lifestyle factors and microscopic colitis

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