Effect of resistance exercise training on expression of Hsp70 and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Impairment of adipose tissue and skeletal muscles accrued following type 1 diabetes is associated with protein misfolding and loss of adipose mass and skeletal muscle atrophy. Resistance training can maintain muscle mass by changing both inflammatory cytokines and stress factors in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 5-week ladder climbing resistance training program on the expression of Hsp70 and inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue and fast-twitch flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and slow-twitch soleus muscles in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Induction of diabetes reduced body mass, while resistance training preserved FHL muscle weight in diabetic rats without any changes in body mass. Diabetes increased Hsp70 protein content in skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, and serum. Hsp70 protein levels were decreased in normal and diabetic rats by resistance training in the FHL, but not soleus muscle. Furthermore, resistance training decreased inflammatory cytokines in FHL skeletal muscle.On the other hand, Hsp70 and inflammatory cytokine protein levels were increased by training in adipose tissue. Also, significant positive correlations between inflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue and skeletal muscles with Hsp70 protein levels were observed. In conclusion, we found that in diabetic rats, resistance training decreased inflammatory cytokines and Hsp70 protein levels in fast skeletal muscle, increased adipose tissue inflammatory cytokines and Hsp70, and preserved FHL muscle mass. These results suggest that resistance training can maintain skeletal muscle mass in diabetes by changing inflammatory cytokines and stress factors such as Hsp70 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

Muscular HSP70 content is higher in elderly compared to young, but is normalized after 12 weeks of strength training

“…Herein, we report that the initial high levels of HSP70 in the elderly were reduced by both strength-training interventions. This is in line with our observations of reduced HSP70 levels after strength training in elderly (66 years old) male prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (Nilsen et al 2016 ), the finding of Beltran Valls et al ( 2013 ), reporting reduced HSP levels in old participants after 12 weeks resistance exercise, and the observation of reduced HSP70 levels in diabetic rat muscles undergoing resistance training (Molanouri Shamsi et al 2016 ). Since HSPs tend to translocate in response to acute stress, there is the possibility that the decreased cytosolic HSP70 observed in the elderly were related to translocation to other cell compartments.…”

“…Blue indicate male participants. *Different between groups (p < 0.05) (2013), reporting reduced HSP levels in old participants after 12 weeks resistance exercise, and the observation of reduced HSP70 levels in diabetic rat muscles undergoing resistance training (Molanouri Shamsi et al 2016). Since HSPs tend to translocate in response to acute stress, there is the possibility that the decreased cytosolic HSP70 observed in the elderly were related to translocation to other cell compartments.…”

Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training

“…In previous studies using a ladder-climbing model for resistance training (unconditioned male or female Sprague–Dawley, Wistar or Fisher 344 rats of different ages), muscle hypertrophy has been observed in some studies in muscle weight (~11–23%; Duncan, Williams, & Lynch, 1998; Gil & Kim, 2015; Harris, Slack, Prestosa, & Hryvniak, 2010; Hornberger & Farrar, 2004; Jung et al, 2015; Lee, Barton, Sweeney, & Farrar, 2004; Lee, Hong, & Kim, 2016; Luciano et al, 2017; Molanouri Shamsi, Mahdavi, Quinn, Gharakhanlou, & Isanegad, 2016) or muscle fibre CSA (~20–88%; Begue et al, 2013; Cassilhas et al, 2012; Jung et al, 2015; Peixinho-Pena et al, 2012; Prestes et al 2012), but in some studies hypertrophy has been absent (de Sousa Neto et al, 2017; Deschenes et al, 2000; Deschenes, Sherman, Roby, Glass, & Harris, 2015; Kim et al, 2012; Neves et al, 2016; Safarzade & Talebi-Garakani 2014; Souza et al 2014) when compared with non-training control rats. The high variation between the studies in loading protocols and examined skeletal muscles prevents conclusions of a muscle-specific dose–response relationship to RES.…”

<p>Chaperone-Based Therapeutic Target Innovation: Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus</p>

“…24,25 Others have also explained that HSP70 modulation can affect blood glucose levels by increasing insulin sensitivity. 10,14,26 Rodrigues-Krause et al measured iHSP72 concentration and HSF-1 expression in skeletal muscle, as well as eHSP72 in blood plasma in subjects with obesity, T2DM-non obesity, and T2DM-obesity. 23 It was reported that iHSP72 in skeletal muscle is decreasing in the T2DM group.…”