Sit less and move more for cardiovascular health: emerging insights and opportunities

Dunstan, David W.; Dogra, Shilpa; Carter, Sophie E.; Owen, Neville

doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00547-y

Cited by 140 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Even if this topic is still debated among the scientific community, our findings strongly agree with a recent meta-analysis published in Nature journal by Alzahrani et al [40], who highlighted the importance of medium to moderate PA levels to decrease the risk of LBP. Furthermore, epidemiological research has shown that assuming a wrong posture for a prolonged time, sitting for many hours, or simply taking part in SB are strong predictors of adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular diseases [41], diabetes [42], cancer [43], musculoskeletal pain [44], or depression [45]. In line with our investigations about SB and MP presence, Shrier and Feldman [46,47] identified the prolonged sitting position as a prevalent risk factor for MP onset.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

One Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Effect of Sedentary Behavior on Physical Activity Levels and Musculoskeletal Pain among University Students

Roggio

Trovato

Ravalli

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The COVID-19 outbreak forced Italian students to reduce their daily activities, inducing a seden-tary attitude that was worsened by distanced learning. This study aimed to survey the physical activity levels that were maintained before and during the social restrictions following the pan-demic, their correlation to musculoskeletal pain, as well as analyzing the impact of these COVID-19 restrictions on pain and fatigue that affects daily life activities. A total of 2044 students completed the online questionnaire, of which the results of 1654 participants were eligible. Before the pandemic, the levels of physical activity were distributed as: 19.9% no activity, 30.1% light ac-tivity, 21.5% moderate activity, and 28.5% high activity. After one year of the pandemic, 30.6% of the participants were inactive, 48.1%, 10.9%, and 10.5% stated as maintaining, respectively, light, moderate and high levels of physical activity. Furthermore, 43.5% reported neck pain and 33.5% stated to experience low back pain. Physical activity levels lower than 150 min/week may have predisposed students to suffer from neck pain (1.95 OR at 95% CI, 1.44–2.64) and low back pain (1.79 OR at 95% CI, 1.29–2.49). A positive correlation between physical activity levels, Verbal Descriptive Scale (VDS), and pain frequency have been observed for neck and low back pain (p-value < 0.05). Finally, low physical activity levels were associated with musculoskeletal pain onset and pain worsening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

One Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Effect of Sedentary Behavior on Physical Activity Levels and Musculoskeletal Pain among University Students

Roggio

Trovato

Ravalli

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…While 24 h/day prolonged bedrest leads to deconditioning of multiple systems, a response that parallels responses to microgravity during spaceflight, a less intense but an equally serious form of “deconditioning” can occur with implementation of a sedentary lifestyle where the ratio of time/day spent in physical activity declines to the point where the risk for loss of system integrity becomes more pronounced (Thijssen et al, 2011 ; Nosova et al, 2014 ; Hughson and Shoemaker, 2015 ; Canu et al, 2019 ; Eanes, 2021 ; Perez-Lasierra et al, 2021 ; Stoner et al, 2021 ; Wilson et al, 2021 ). The development of this so called “sitting disease” has evolved in populations of both adults and younger individuals spending large amounts of their day sitting due to their occupation (e.g., sitting in front of a computer or at a desk all day), watching TV, or occupied with electronic devices rather than engaging in normal physical activities such as walking where ground reaction forces require work again the forces of gravity, or engaged in various forms of exercise (e.g., aerobic or resistive) (Dunstan et al, 2021 ; Hwang et al, 2021 ; Stoner et al, 2021 ). Thus, when activity levels fall below a threshold for maintenance of system integrity, the “use it or lose it” principle appears to become activated even though the inactivity is not constant as during 24 h/day bedrest.…”

Section: Influence Of a Sedentary Lifestyle On Deconditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle

Hart

2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Physical activity, mobility or patterned mobility (i.e., exercise) is intrinsic to the functioning of Homo sapiens, and required for maintenance of health. Thus, systems such as the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems appear to require constant reinforcement or conditioning to maintain integrity. Loss of conditioning or development of chronic deconditioning can have multiple consequences. The study of different types of deconditioning and their prevention or reversal can offer a number of clues to the regulation of these systems and point to how deconditioning poses risk for disease development and progression. From the study of deconditioning associated with spaceflight, a condition not predicted by evolution, prolonged bedrest, protracted sedentary behavior, as well as menopause and obesity and their consequences, provide a background to better understand human heterogeneity and how physical fitness may impact the risks for chronic conditions subsequent to the deconditioning. The effectiveness of optimized physical activity and exercise protocols likely depend on the nature of the deconditioning, the sex and genetics of the individual, whether one is addressing prevention of deconditioning-associated disease or disease-associated progression, and whether it is focused on acute or chronic deconditioning associated with different forms of deconditioning. While considerable research effort has gone into preventing deconditioning, the study of the process of deconditioning and its endpoints can provide clues to the regulation of the affected systems and their contributions to human heterogeneity that have been framed by the boundary conditions of Earth during evolution and the “use it or lose it” principle of regulation. Such information regarding heterogeneity that is elaborated by the study of deconditioning environments could enhance the effectiveness of individualized interventions to prevent deconditions or rescue those who have become deconditioned.

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“…On the other hand, regular exercise is associated with health benefits and a lower risk of 2 of 27 disease [2,3]. Several studies have demonstrated that increased physical activity promotes a reduction in all-cause mortality and can increase life expectancy, affecting a strongly link to a decline in the risk of developing CVDs, in part by promoting weight loss, blood pressure control as well as improving blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity [2,4]. For these reasons, physical activity has been recommended worldwide for CVD prevention and treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Function as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of Exercise Training

Correia

Rodrigues

Pelozin

et al. 2021

ncRNA

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Despite advances in treatments and therapies, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The discovery that most of the human genome, although transcribed, does not encode proteins was crucial for focusing on the potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators of cell function at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. This class of non-coding RNAs is related to the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. The different expression profiles of lncRNAs, in different contexts of CVDs, change a great potential in their use as a biomarker and targets of therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, regular physical exercise plays a protective role against CVDs; on the other hand, little is known about its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this review, we look at the accumulated knowledge on lncRNAs and their functions in the cardiovascular system, focusing on the cardiovascular pathology of arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure. We discuss the potential of these molecules as biomarkers for clinical use, their limitations, and how the manipulation of the expression profile of these transcripts through physical exercise can begin to be suggested as a strategy for the treatment of CVDs.

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Sit less and move more for cardiovascular health: emerging insights and opportunities

Cited by 140 publications

References 104 publications

One Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Effect of Sedentary Behavior on Physical Activity Levels and Musculoskeletal Pain among University Students

One Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Effect of Sedentary Behavior on Physical Activity Levels and Musculoskeletal Pain among University Students

Learning From Human Responses to Deconditioning Environments: Improved Understanding of the “Use It or Lose It” Principle

Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential Function as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets of Exercise Training

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