Single solid source precursor route to the synthesis of MOCVD Cu-Cd-S thin films

Effect of Deposition Temperature on the Properties of Copper-Zinc Sulphide Thin Films using Mixed Copper and Zinc Dithiocarbamate Precursors

“…In addition, it was observed that the ratio of S/ (Cu + Zn) in the films was not constant, which suggest that the CZS film is non-stoichiometric. It is reasonable to assume that the increase in deposition temperature raises the rate of nucleation of atoms in the precursor and, after that, the elements in the CZS system [24]. Notably, the ambiguity in the XRD analysis (presence of ZnS and ZnO instead of CZS), was reconciled with the RBS studies.…”

“…The RBS measurement showed that the elemental compositions of the deposited material consist of Cu, Zn and S as indicated in Table 1. Furthermore, the peaks of these elements (Cu, Zn and S) were distinguished by the He + beam and used to estimate the linear thickness using the information about the material density as follows [3,24]:…”

Synthesis and characterization of copper zinc iron sulphide (CZFS) thin films

“…The behaviour may be associated with the nature of the film (C2), which has the least speed when agitated with electromagnetic radiation [27]. A similar trend has been outlined by Efe et al [13] and Olofinjana et al [14] for crystalline semiconductor thin films and linked the development to the connections between the real constant (εᵣ), refractive index (n) and the extinction coefficient (k) as indicated by Eq. ( 4).…”

Deposition Time induced Structural and Optical Properties of Lead Tin Sulphide Thin Films

“…Also from the table, the band gap energy values were observed to be increasing with increase in deposition time. Generally, band gap energy in semiconducting materials are mostly influenced by their structural defects, crystallinity, impurities, grain sizes as well as grain boundary disorders [18]. Consequently, the observed increase in band gap energy in Pb-Sn-S samples can be explained in terms of the effect of impurities in their lattice system as indicated from the XRD studies.…”