Single particle dark current spikes induced in CCDs by high energy neutrons

Chugg, A.M.; Jones, R.; Moutrie, M.J.; Armstrong, James R.; King, Donald B.; Moreau, N.

doi:10.1109/tns.2003.821813

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This illustrates the care needed to allow for post irradiation defect annealing when performing displacement damage testing. (See also the discussion in [5], which came to a similar conclusion.) What can be said with some certainty, is that the probability for RTS pixels does not scale with inelastic NIEL (otherwise the probability at 1.5 MeV would be very small).…”

Section: A Dark Current Profilesmentioning

confidence: 55%

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Random telegraph signals in proton irradiated CCDs and APS

Hopkinson¹,

Goiffon²,

Mohammadzadeh³

2007

2007 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems

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Random telegraph dark signal fluctuations have been studied in two types of CCD and two types of CMOS active pixel sensor after proton irradiation at 1.5, 10 and 60 MeV. Time constants and activation energies were very similar, indicating a similar defect type. A large fraction of the defects are multi-rather than 2-level, suggest ing a mechanism related to defect clusters being formed from initial single proton events.

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Section: A Dark Current Profilesmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…[1 ], [2], [3 ], [4], [5] , [6], [7]). However, relatively few device types have been investigated and the nature of the lattice defects responsible for the effects remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random telegraph signals in proton irradiated CCDs and APS

Hopkinson¹,

Goiffon²,

Mohammadzadeh³

2007

2007 9th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems

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“…This is why the mechanisms by which energetic protons degrade the charge transfer efficiency (CTE = 1 -CTI) and produce hot pixels, have been studied thoroughly for many years (Hopkinson et al 1996;Gilard et al 2008, for example). The interaction with neutrons has received attention as well (Chugg et al 2003).…”

Section: Hot Pixelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different studies have characterized the statistical behavior of hot pixels, showing in particular that they demonstrate the phenomenology of random telegraph signals (RTS; Hopkins & Hopkinson 1993;Chugg et al 2003;Hopkinson et al 2007).…”

Section: Hot Pixelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark signal correction for a lukecold frame-transfer CCD

Hochedez

Timmermans²,

Hauchecorne

et al. 2013

A&A

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Context. Astrophysical observations must be corrected for their imperfections of instrumental origin. When charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are used, their dark signal is one such hindrance. In their pristine state, most CCD pixels are cool, that is, they exhibit a low quasi-uniform dark current, which can be estimated and corrected for. In space, after having been hit by an energetic particle, pixels can turn hot, viz. they start delivering excessive, less predictable, dark current. The hot pixels therefore need to be flagged so that a subsequent analysis may ignore them. Aims. The image data of the PICARD-SODISM solar telescope require dark signal correction and hot pixel identification. Its E2V 42-80 CCD operates at −7.2• C and has a frame-transfer architecture. Both image and memory zones thus accumulate dark current during integration and readout time, respectively. These two components must be separated in order to estimate the dark signal for any given observation. This is the main purpose of the dark signal model presented in this paper. Methods. The dark signal time-series of every pixel was processed by the unbalanced Haar technique to timestamp when its dark signal changed significantly. In-between these instants, the two components were assumed to be constant, and a robust linear regression, with respect to integration time, provides first estimates and a quality coefficient. The latter serves to assign definitive estimates for this pixel and that period. Results. Our model is part of the SODISM Level 1 data production scheme. To confirm its reliability, we verified on dark frames that it leaves a negligible residual bias (5 e − ) and generates a small rms error (25 e − rms). We also examined the distribution of the image zone dark current. The cool pixel level is found to be 4.0 e − pxl −1 s −1 , in agreement with the predicted value. The emergence rate of hot pixels was investigated as well. It yields a threshold criterion at 50 e − pxl −1 s −1 . The growth rate is found to be on average ∼500 new hot pixels per day, that is, 4.2% of the image zone area per year. Conclusions. A new method for dark signal correction of a frame-transfer CCD operating near −10• C is described and applied. It allows making recommendations about the implementation and scientific usage of such CCDs. Moreover, aspects of the method (adaptation of the unbalanced Haar technique, dedicated robust linear regression) have a generic interest.

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“…They are therefore useful tools to study displacement damage effects in CCDs, as opposed to proton irradiation, which is also responsible for total dose effects. 11 An analysis of DSNU and dark signal spike in a CCD irradiated by 90 MeV neutrons is presented in 12 and single particle displacement damage in CCDs induced by high energy neutrons is presented in. 13 Neutron radiation effects on CCDs used in the SLD vertex detector are presented in.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of reactor neutron irradiation induced dark signals increase in COTS array CCDs

et al. 2014

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The experiments of reactor neutron irradiation which induce dark signal increase in COTS array CCDs are presented. The flux of the reactor neutron beams was about 1.33 × 108 n/cm2s. The three samples were exposed to 1MeV neutron-equivalent fluences of 1 × 1011, 5 × 1011, and 1 × 1012 n/cm2, respectively. The mean dark signal (KD), dark signal non-uniformity (DSNU), and dark signal spikes (hot pixels) versus neutron fluence are investigated. The degradation mechanisms of the dark signal in CCDs are analyzed. The mean dark signal increase due to neutron displacement damage appears to be proportional to displacement damage dose. The dark images from the CCDs irradiated by neutrons are presented to investigate the generation of dark signal spike. The 1D and 2D figures which show the output signal voltage of pixels in dark images irradiated by different neutron beam fluences, are presented to compare the degradation of KD, DSNU, and dark signal spike.

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Single particle dark current spikes induced in CCDs by high energy neutrons

Cited by 35 publications

References 11 publications

Random telegraph signals in proton irradiated CCDs and APS

Random telegraph signals in proton irradiated CCDs and APS

Dark signal correction for a lukecold frame-transfer CCD

Investigation of reactor neutron irradiation induced dark signals increase in COTS array CCDs

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