Single-mode VCSEL for pre-emphasis PAM-4 transmission up to 64  Gbit/s over 100–300  m in OM4 MMF

Kao, Hsuan-Yun; Tsai, Cheng Ting; Leong, Shan Fong; Peng, Chun; Chieh, Yu; Wang, Huai Yung; Kuo, Hao‐Chung; Wu, Chao−Hsin; Cheng, Wen-Yu; Lin, Gong‐Ru

doi:10.1364/prj.6.000666

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…WUT-VIS [50] NTU [48] Corning-NTU -NYCU [49] GIT [45] NTU [46] SJTU [43] SJTU [42] SU [41] NTU [40] GIT-CUT [39] NTU [38] Finisar [35] Huawei-Keysight [37] CUT [34] Panduit [33] CUT [31] Huawei [47] Huawei [32] CUT [30] [40]. In BtB and 300-m OM4 MMF conditions, the data rates of the PAM-4 transmission can be respectively obtained as 64 Gbit/s and 48 Gbit/s [40]. In 2019, Zhang and co-workers used 850-nm VCSEL to perform the PAM-4 transmission at 137 Gbit/s over the 40-cm optical backplane [41].…”

Section: Wut-vis [36]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s

Cheng

Su³

et al. 2021

IEEE Photonics J.

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The developing progress on the structural design and data algorithms to enable the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for transmitting multiple complex data formats beyond 100-Gbit/s has been reviewed in this paper. Up to now, academic and industrial institutions still keep their research pace on studying how to improve the allowable data rate of various data formats carried by the VCSEL device. Persistent efforts are endeavored not only to achieve the IEEE802.3 standards for data center applications but also to initiate the new era of wired and wireless network coverage. To date, the highest allowable data rates of the single-VCSEL-based optical link for transmitting the NRZ-OOK format at 80 Gbit/s in the BtB case, the PAM-4 format at 168 Gbit/s over 150-m OM5 MMF, and the QAM-OFDM format at 224 Gbit/s in the BtB case have been achieved in 2021. For the high-level complex data-format transmission with rigorous demand of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this work demonstrates the most up-to-date 32-ray quadrature amplitude modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing (32-QAM GFDM) data algorithm with optimized amplitude and K value for encoding the multimode (MM) VCSEL. To achieve the higher spectral-usage efficiency based on the SNR spectrum for maximal transmission data rate, the bit-loading discrete multi-tone (DMT) technique is implemented by rearranging each subcarrier to the appropriate QAM levels. By utilizing 32-QAM GFDM and bit-loading DMT, the maximal data rate in the back-to-back case could respectively achieve 119.5 Gbit/s and 130 Gbit/s when operating the MM VCSEL at 55 o C. After propagating through OM5 MM fiber (MMF), the transmission capacity of the VCSEL operated at 55 o C would decrease to 93.8 Gbit/s for 32-QAM GFDM and 83 Gbit/s for bit-loading DMT owing to the modal dispersion in OM5 MMF.

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Section: Wut-vis [36]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s

Cheng

Su³

et al. 2021

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…The arbitrary waveform generator (AWG, Keysight M8196A) delivered the PAM-4 data synthesized by the built-in program and 16-QAM OFDM generated from the homemade MATLAB code. The AWG with a sample rate of 92 GS/s can support the maximal Baud rate up to 46 GBaud, and the pseudo-random bit sequence pattern lengths of 2 13 − 1 and 2 18 − 1 were respectively provided for the PAM-4 and 16-QAM OFDM data. Note that the bit length of the 16-QAM OFDM data was defined by the formula L total = N subcarrier × N bit × N symbol , where N subcarrier , N bit , and N symbol denote the subcarrier number, bit per symbol, and symbol number, respectively.…”

Section: B Encoding and Decoding Architectures For Testing The Pam-4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, numerous types of modulation data formats have been applied to efficiently utilize the finite bandwidth of the VCSEL with high spectral efficiency [11], [12]. For example, the 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) and PAM-8 with doubling and tripling the symbol rate of the NRZ-OOK format have respectively been demonstrated [13] at 70 and 56 Gbit/s by Szczerba et al [14]. Furthermore, the M-level orthogonal frequency division multiplexed quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM OFDM) [15] with the data rate upscaled to log 2 M per symbol has enabled the 100-Gbit/s BtB broadband data transmission with VCSEL [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode VCSEL Enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF Data Link

et al. 2020

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By enhancing the differential gain and reducing the capacitance of the 850-nm multi-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with an analog bandwidth beyond 25 GHz via the use of InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and multiple oxide confinement layers, the transmission of directly encoded 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) data at 42 GBaud and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16-QAM OFDM) data at 35 GBaud are demonstrated. After passing through 100-m OM5 multimode fiber (MMF), the detailed comparison between the VCSELs designed with different aperture sizes of 5.5/7.5 µm is performed. The 7.5-µm-aperture VCSEL provides the higher power with larger quantum efficiency but exhibits the narrower 3-dB bandwidth and higher noise level than those of the 5.5-µm-aperture VCSEL. Shrinking the oxide-confined aperture to 5.5 µm assists the VCSEL to expand its 3-dB bandwidth to 25.2 GHz and suppresses its relative intensity noise to-135 dBc/Hz, which contributes to support the highest data rate up to 84 and 140 Gbit/s, respectively, for PAM-4 and 16-QAM OFDM data under forward error correction criterion at optical back-to-back condition. Even after transmitting through 100-m-long OM5-MMF, the allowable data transmission rate still remains at 80 Gbit/s for PAM-4 and 120 Gbit/s for 16-QAM OFDM with their receiving power penalty of 3.24 and 3.1 dB, respectively, when the data is carried by the 5.5-µm-aperture VCSEL. Such a newly designed VCSEL structure promotes its allowable bandwidth to manifest the feasibility toward 50-GBaud per channel capacity for future data center applications. INDEX TERMS Data center, vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4), M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (M-ary QAM-OFDM).

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“…Moreover, a pre-emphasis filter technology for the PAM-4 data format was proposed to apply to VCSEL, which further improves the data rate to 100 Gbps over 100-m MM fiber 39 . In 2018, the same group employed the pre-emphasizing technology to demonstrate the SM VCSEL based PAM-4 data transmission above 50 Gbps over 100-300-M OM4 fiber 40 . With the modulation bandwidth of the SM VCSEL at 18.9 GHz, the data rate of PAM-4 data can be achieved to 64 Gbps under BtB transmission and over 100-m MMF, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Data Transmission Performance Of the High-speed Vcselmentioning

confidence: 99%

850/940-nm VCSEL for optical communication and 3D sensing

Cheng¹,

Shen²,

Kao³

et al. 2018

Opto-Electronic Advances

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This paper is going to review the state-of-the-art of the high-speed 850/940-nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), discussing the structural design, mode control and the related data transmission performance. InGaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) was used to increase the differential gain and photon density in VCSEL. The multiple oxide layers and oxide-confined aperture were well designed in VCSEL to decrease the parasitic capacitance and generate single mode (SM) VCSEL. The maximal modulation bandwidth of 30 GHz was achieved with well-designed VCSEL structure. At the end of the paper, other applications of the near-infrared VCSELs are discussed.

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Single-mode VCSEL for pre-emphasis PAM-4 transmission up to 64 Gbit/s over 100–300 m in OM4 MMF

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s

Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s

Multimode VCSEL Enables 42-GBaud PAM-4 and 35-GBaud 16-QAM OFDM for 100-m OM5 MMF Data Link

850/940-nm VCSEL for optical communication and 3D sensing

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