Simultaneous Qualitation and Quantitation of Chlorogenic Acids in Kuding Tea Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detection Coupled with Linear Ion Trap–Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer

Abstract

Kuding tea, the leaves of Ilex Kudingcha C.J. Tseng, has been applied for treating obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and so on. The chlorogenic acids (CGAs) in Kuding tea have shown excellent antioxidative, antiobesity, anti-atherosclerotic and anticancer activities. Nevertheless, the chemical profiles of CGAs in Kuding tea have not been comprehensively studied yet, which hinders further quality control. In the present study, a sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection coupled with a linear ion trap-Orbitrap (UHPLC-DAD-LTQ-Orbitrap) method was established to screen and identify CGAs in Kuding tea. Six CGA standards were first analyzed in negative ion mode with a CID-MS/MS experiment and then the diagnostic product ions (DPIs) were summarized. According to the retention behavior in the RP-ODS column, accurate mass measurement, DPIs and relevant bibliography data, a total of 68 CGA candidates attributed to 12 categories were unambiguously or preliminarily screened and characterized within 18 min of chromatographic time. This was the first systematic report on the distribution of CGAs in Kuding tea. Meanwhile, the contents of 6 major CGAs in Kuding tea were also determined by the UHPLC-DAD method. All the results indicated that the established analytical method could be employed as an effective technique for the comprehensive and systematic characterization of CGAs and quality control of the botanic extracts or Chinese medicinal formulas that contain various CGAs.

Health Benefits of Bioactive Compounds from the Genus Ilex, a Source of Traditional Caffeinated Beverages

“…The CGA derivatives 3- O -caffeoylquinic acid, 5- O -caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5- O -dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 4,5- O -dicaffeoylquinic acid have been identified as major compounds in methanol and ether acetate extracts of I. kudingcha [ 39 ]. This was confirmed by Che et al, who detected a total of 68 CGA candidates belonging to 12 categories [ 40 ]. Our previous study also reported that isomers of mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acids were the predominant compounds from Kudingcha genotypes of two Ilex species, and the average amount of major CGAs from these Kudingcha of different origins was 97 mg/g [ 25 ].…”

Phytochemical Composition of Solanum retroflexum Analysed with the Aid of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated to Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-qTOF-MS)

“…In this study, chlorogenic acids were identified chromatographically with the aid of our recently developed in-source collision induced dissociation method. Generally, CGAs result in very similar fragments characterised by the presence of Q1 [quinic acid-H], C1 [caffeic acid-H], Q2 [quinic acid-H 2 O] and C2 [caffeic acid-CO 2 ] fragment ions [13]. Four peaks at m/z 353 with region isomers and geometric isomers of caffeoylquinic acid (CQAs) were detected in the extracts of S. retroflexum leaves ( Figure 2).…”

Chemical Composition, Bioactivity and Safety Aspects of Kuding Tea—From Beverage to Herbal Extract

“…Phenolic acids and triterpenoids are considered to be the major constituents in large-leaved Kudingcha [1,18]. However, it has been shown that the content of these phytochemicals exhibits remarkable differences not only among the various species but also within the same species, even from samples from the same province [13][14][15][19][20][21]. This should be considered when directly comparing different studies on KT.…”

“…This should be considered when directly comparing different studies on KT. These differences could be attributed to variations in genetics [15], plant origin [15,21], geographical climate [21], age [13], harvest time [21] and environmental factors [15]. Moreover, drying processes [15,21], storage conditions [15] and extraction methods [19,20] may influence the composition of the end product.…”

“…The top six compounds amongst the polyphenols were chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acids A, B and C (Table 1 and Figure 6) [14,15,19,21,[38][39][40]. Structurally, chlorogenic acids consist of a caffeic acid moiety and a quinic acid moiety.…”