Simultaneous Graphite Exfoliation and N Doping in Supercritical Ammonia

Sasikala, Suchithra Padmajan; Huang, Kai; Giroire, Baptiste; Prabhakaran, Prém; Henry, Lucile; Pénicaud, Alain; Poulin, Philippe; Aymonier, Cyril

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b10570

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It has been used for exfoliating 2D crystals [18] because it is cheap, abundant, nontoxic, nonflammable, recyclable, and environmentally friendly. [37] A product yield of ≈3 wt% was reported, and about 40% of exfoliated sheets had less than five layers upon treatment (200 °C, 15 MPa) for 1 h. Lateral dimensions ranged from 5 to 8 µm, in contrast to less than 3 µm reported in most liquid-phase exfoliation methods. However, scCO 2 alone usually produces thick sheets (more than ten layers), though such thicknesses still offer advantageous applications.…”

Section: Overview Of Available Scfsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Using urea, [169] dimethylglyoxime, [170] or glycine [171] as a dopant, similar doping results were obtained in scH 2 O (400 °C). [37] The resulting N configurations were dominated with pyrrolic N (45.9%) followed by graphitic N in the basal plane (32.5%) and also at the edge (10.1%), and pyridinic N (11.5%). [138] Cyclotrimerization of cyano groups in acetonitrile was inferred to form a 1,3,5-triazine ring, facilitating the formation of CN bond primarily at the edges of graphene at high temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Nitrogen Doping Of Graphene (Or Go) Via Sc Reactionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[37] This result may be explained by the relatively higher N content of the N-doped G obtained in scNH 3 than in NH 4 OH. ScNH 3 was reported to facilitate the formation of N-doped graphene, which enables a 4e − transfer oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process in alkaline electrolyte.…”

Section: Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed irregular holes or vacancies on the basal planes of WO 3 ·H 2 O nanosheets. [37] Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. The formed H 3 O + originating from Adv.…”

Section: Scf-induced Phase Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Fluid‐Facilitated Exfoliation and Processing of 2D Materials

et al. 2019

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Since the first intercalation of layered silicates by using supercritical CO2 as a processing medium, considerable efforts have been dedicated to intercalating and exfoliating layered two‐dimensional (2D) materials in various supercritical fluids (SCFs) to yield single‐ and few‐layer nanosheets. Here, recent work in this area is highlighted. Motivating factors for enhancing exfoliation efficiency and product quality in SCFs, mechanisms for exfoliation and dispersion in SCFs, as well as general metrics applied to assess quality and processability of exfoliated 2D materials are critically discussed. Further, advances in formation and application of 2D material–based composites with assistance from SCFs are presented. These discussions address chemical transformations accompanying SCF processing such as doping, covalent surface modification, and heterostructure formation. Promising features, challenges, and routes to expanding SCF processing techniques are described.

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Section: Overview Of Available Scfsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Nitrogen Doping Of Graphene (Or Go) Via Sc Reactionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scf-induced Phase Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Fluid‐Facilitated Exfoliation and Processing of 2D Materials

et al. 2019

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“…Supercritical nitrogen, ammonia, chlorodifluoromethane, and dichloromethane have also been used for the exfoliation of 2D nanomaterials. In addition, there are many supercritical fluid candidates that require further investigation.…”

Section: Exfoliation Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exfoliation of 2D Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications

Kim

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

108

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The fascinating properties of single‐layer graphene isolated by mechanical exfoliation have inspired extensive research efforts toward two‐dimensional (2D) materials. Layered compounds serve as precursors for atomically thin 2D materials (briefly, 2D nanomaterials) owing to their strong intraplane chemical bonding but weak interplane van der Waals interactions. There are newly emerging 2D materials beyond graphene, and it is becoming increasingly important to develop cost‐effective, scalable methods for producing 2D nanomaterials with controlled microstructures and properties. The variety of developed synthetic techniques can be categorized into two classes: bottom‐up and top‐down approaches. Of top‐down approaches, the exfoliation of bulk 2D materials into single or few layers is the most common. This review highlights chemical and physical exfoliation methods that allow for the production of 2D nanomaterials in large quantities. In addition, remarkable examples of utilizing exfoliated 2D nanomaterials in energy and environmental applications are introduced.

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Advances in Subcritical Hydro‐/Solvothermal Processing of Graphene Materials

2017

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Many promising graphene-based materials are kept away from mainstream applications due to problems of scalability and environmental concerns in their processing. Hydro-/solvothermal techniques overwhelmingly satisfy both the aforementioned criteria, and have matured as alternatives to wet-chemical methods with advances made over the past few decades. The insolubility of graphene in many solvents poses considerable difficulties in their processing. In this context hydro-/solvothermal techniques present an ideal opportunity for processing of graphenic materials with their versatility in manipulating the physical and thermodynamic properties of the solvent. The flexibility in hydro-/solvothermal techniques for manipulation of solvent composition, temperature and pressure provides numerous handles to manipulate graphene-based materials during synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive look at the subcritical hydro-/solvothermal synthesis of graphene-based functional materials and their applications. Several key synthetic strategies governing the morphology and properties of the products such as temperature, pressure, and solvent effects are elaborated. Advances in the synthesis, doping, and functionalization of graphene in hydro-/solvothermal media are highlighted together with our perspectives in the field.

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Simultaneous Graphite Exfoliation and N Doping in Supercritical Ammonia

Cited by 43 publications

References 46 publications

Supercritical Fluid‐Facilitated Exfoliation and Processing of 2D Materials

Supercritical Fluid‐Facilitated Exfoliation and Processing of 2D Materials

Exfoliation of 2D Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications

Advances in Subcritical Hydro‐/Solvothermal Processing of Graphene Materials

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