Advances in Subcritical Hydro‐/Solvothermal Processing of Graphene Materials

Abstract

Many promising graphene-based materials are kept away from mainstream applications due to problems of scalability and environmental concerns in their processing. Hydro-/solvothermal techniques overwhelmingly satisfy both the aforementioned criteria, and have matured as alternatives to wet-chemical methods with advances made over the past few decades. The insolubility of graphene in many solvents poses considerable difficulties in their processing. In this context hydro-/solvothermal techniques present an ideal opportunity for processing of graphenic materials with their versatility in manipulating the physical and thermodynamic properties of the solvent. The flexibility in hydro-/solvothermal techniques for manipulation of solvent composition, temperature and pressure provides numerous handles to manipulate graphene-based materials during synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive look at the subcritical hydro-/solvothermal synthesis of graphene-based functional materials and their applications. Several key synthetic strategies governing the morphology and properties of the products such as temperature, pressure, and solvent effects are elaborated. Advances in the synthesis, doping, and functionalization of graphene in hydro-/solvothermal media are highlighted together with our perspectives in the field.

In Situ Dynamic Manipulation of Graphene Strain Sensor with Drastically Sensing Performance Enhancement

“…The hydrographene prepared by the electrochemical method is utilized to fabricate the sensitive film. [ 27,28 ] Hydrographene was characterized using different methods, including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and the details are exhibited in Figures S1–S4, Supporting Information, respectively. Figure S5, Supporting Information, shows that the thickness of single‐layer graphene film is about 7 nm, which accords with the definition of few layers of graphene.…”

Towards scale‐up of graphene production via nonoxidizing liquid exfoliation methods

“…Further information can be found in a review by Sasikala et al which takes an in depth view of solvothermal processing, including how the synthesis condition affects the morphology and band properties of the materials obtained.…”

Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy

“…prepared polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated MoS 2 /Bi 2 S 3 nanosheets by a one‐step, facile solvothermal method for the first time. Although the hydro/solvothermal methods to prepare 2D nanomaterials are simple and efficient, the synthesis process is easily affected by reaction parameters (such as reaction temperature and pressure) …”