Simultaneous enzymatic synthesis of FAME and triacetyl glycerol from triglycerides and methyl acetate

An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

“…Acetin is the product of glycerol esterification with acetic acid or carboxylic acid in the presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst [43,107]. Acetin can also be produced through acetylation of glycerol with acetic anhydride as well as direct transesterification of either triglyceride or glycerol with methyl acetate [110,111]. Some of reactions are exemplified in Schemes 4 and 5.…”

Sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silicas: Microcalorimetric characterization and catalytic performance toward biodiesel synthesis

“…Among the different possible uses of acetyl glycerol derivatives [43], triacetin, for instance, is added to biodiesel to enhance its cold and viscosity properties [44,45]. To the best of our knowledge the interesterification of triglycerides with methyl acetate or ethyl acetate has mostly been studied in the presence of an enzyme biocatalyst [46][47][48][49], or under supercritical conditions without any catalyst [50][51][52]. Only few papers reported the use of inorganic acid and alkaline catalysts [53][54][55].…”

Glycerol-free biodiesel production through transesterification: a review

“…Biodiesel yields above 70% were only obtained at increased temperature (40°C), increased reaction time (48 h) and with the addition of 10 wt.% of water to the reaction mixture. Usai and co-workers [58] investigated different enzymes for the enzymatic synthesis of FAME and triacetin from olive oil and methyl acetate. It was shown that Novozymes 435 immobilised on an acrylic resin produced the highest FAME yield and also affected the highest conversion of the oil with the least amount of intermediate products formed.…”

“…The transesterification of oils using methyl acetate was first proposed by Xu and co-workers [31] and a number of researchers have investigated this reaction using various bio-catalysts such as lipases, but this process suffers from long reaction times to achieve high conversion (10-200 h) [56,58,60,78]. A summary of studies done on the transesterification of different feedstocks with supercritical methyl acetate is given in Table 4.…”