Glycerol-free biodiesel production through transesterification: a review

Marx, Sanette

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.05.033

Cited by 76 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…These studies manifested that the reaction conditions to obtain Gliperol are similar to that for the production of Biodiesel. Likewise, this reaction has been studied over heterogeneous acid catalysts [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] as well as using lipases as biocatalysts, either in solvent-free systems [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97] or in ionic liquids [98][99][100][101]. Furthermore, many other innovative technologies have also been applied, such as supercritical conditions [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115]…”

Section: Biodiesel-like Biofuels That Integrate Glycerol As Glycerol mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

et al. 2019

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The delay in the energy transition, focused in the replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel, is mainly caused by the need of reducing the costs associated to the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. This reaction, on an industrial scale, presents several problems associated with the glycerol generated during the process. The costs to eliminate this glycerol have to be added to the implicit cost of using seed oil as raw material. Recently, several alternative methods to convert vegetable oils into high quality diesel fuels, which avoid the glycerol generation, are being under development, such as Gliperol, DMC-Biod, or Ecodiesel. Besides, there are renewable diesel fuels known as “green diesel”, obtained by several catalytic processes (cracking or pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreating) of vegetable oils and which exhibit a lot of similarities with fossil fuels. Likewise, it has also been addressed as a novel strategy, the use of straight vegetable oils in blends with various plant-based sources such as alcohols, vegetable oils, and several organic compounds that are renewable and biodegradable. These plant-based sources are capable of achieving the effective reduction of the viscosity of the blends, allowing their use in combustion ignition engines. The aim of this review is to evaluate the real possibilities that conventional biodiesel has in order to success as the main biofuel for the energy transition, as well as the use of alternative biofuels that can take part in the energy transition in a successful way.

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Section: Biodiesel-like Biofuels That Integrate Glycerol As Glycerol mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

et al. 2019

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“…The enzymatic transesterification reactions using DMC as an acyl acceptor for biodiesel production are compared in Table 3. The enzymatic process has relatively easy separation, which could lower downstream separation cost [53]. Furthermore, the enzymatic process has the advantages of being environmental friendly and consuming less energy than a chemical process because it is performed under mild conditions [52,54].…”

Section: Enzymatic Process For Dmc-based Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally-Benign Dimethyl Carbonate-Mediated Production of Chemicals and Biofuels from Renewable Bio-Oil

Kim

Lee

2017

Energies

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Due to the increasing emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the development of fuels and chemicals based on renewable resources has attracted much attention. Bio-oil, as a carbon rich material, has been considered as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In conventional methanol-mediated transesterification of bio-oil for biodiesel production, significant amounts of glycerol are being generated as a byproduct. In order to overcome these issues, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has been recently used as an alternative acyl acceptor to avoid the generation of glycerol. DMC is an environmentally-benign chemical reagent and reactive solvent due to safety, health, and environmental benefits. Moreover, DMC can be produced from CO 2 . Co-production of biodiesel and chemicals such as glycerol carbonate is possible as the concept of zero-waste utilization of bio-oil. Value-added chemicals can be synthesized using DMC as a reagent. This paper provides a review on the physical and chemical properties of DMC as a solvent, as well as the production methods for DMC. DMC-mediated production of various chemicals and fuels in both chemical and enzymatic processes are discussed together with their pros and cons.

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“…When lipase is used as a biocatalyst it requires a certain amount of water to retain its activity and stability because water provides an aqueous-organic interface to preserve the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme during non-aqueous reactions [9]. However, lipase usually catalyzes hydrolysis under aqueous media, thus excessive water causes a hydrolysis reaction and reduces conversion rate [24].…”

Section: Effect Of Water Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A higher temperature in transesterification has a positive effect on the reaction rate due to the exothermic characteristics [9]. In addition, the oil viscosity and the reaction time can be reduced by a high reaction temperature [25].…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Temperature and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vegetable oil-based transformer insulating oils can be produced by partial hydrogenation or transesterification. Conventional transesterification reactions refer to the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) between oil and methanol, with the generation of glycerol, in the presence Energies 2018, 11, 82 2 of 11 of base catalysts [9]. Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel and transformer insulating oil production, and accounts for approximately 10 wt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Production of Transformer Insulating Oil and Value-Added Glycerol Carbonates from Soybean Oil by Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in Dimethyl Carbonate

Kim

Lee

2017

Energies

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Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), as a transformer insulating oil, and value-added glycerol derivatives were simultaneously synthesized from soybean oil by transesterification using Lipozyme 435 in dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The conversion of transformer insulating oil and glycerol derivatives reached 92% and 72%, respectively, under optimum conditions (DMC-to-oil molar ratio of 4.5:1 with 0.5 v/v % water and 15 wt. % Lipozyme 435 at 70 • C) in one-pot batch reactions. The purified transformer insulating oil possessed a dielectric breakdown voltage of 82.0 kV, which is sufficiently high for transformer insulation oil applications. Other properties such as density, dielectric breakdown voltage, and viscosity were comparable or superior to those of mineral oil, confirming that achieved material could be used as an alternative transformer insulating oil. Additionally, the glycerol was simultaneously converted into glycerol derivatives, which can be utilized as ingredients for cosmetics or monomers for bio-based plastics. This study clearly demonstrates that transformer insulating oil and value-added glycerol derivatives were simultaneously produced based on the zero-waste utilization of soybean oil.

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Glycerol-free biodiesel production through transesterification: a review

Cited by 76 publications

References 83 publications

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

Environmentally-Benign Dimethyl Carbonate-Mediated Production of Chemicals and Biofuels from Renewable Bio-Oil

Simultaneous Production of Transformer Insulating Oil and Value-Added Glycerol Carbonates from Soybean Oil by Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in Dimethyl Carbonate

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