Environmentally-Benign Dimethyl Carbonate-Mediated Production of Chemicals and Biofuels from Renewable Bio-Oil

Kim, Keon Hee; Lee, Eun Yeol

doi:10.3390/en10111790

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, the transformation of vegetable oils into high-quality diesel fuels, avoiding the glycerol formation, has been deeply investigated [11]. These biodiesel-like biofuels, such as Gliperol [12], DMC-BioD [13,14] or Ecodiesel [15,16], avoid the generation of residues or by-products, integrating glycerol in the reaction products. Thus, these new biofuels can be obtained as soluble derivatives in transesterification processes, analogous to that for the production of FAME [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine

et al. 2020

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The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of using diethyl ether (DEE) as an oxygenated additive of straight vegetable oils (SVOs) in triple blends with fossil diesel, to be used in current compression ignition (C.I.) engines, in order to implement the current process of replacing fossil fuels with others of a renewable nature. The use of DEE is considered taking into account the favorable properties for blending with SVO and fossil diesel, such as its very low kinematic viscosity, high oxygen content, low autoignition temperature, broad flammability limits (it works as a cold start aid for engines), and very low values of cloud and pour point. Therefore, DEE can be used as a solvent of vegetable oils to reduce the viscosity of the blends and to improve cold flow properties. Besides, DEE is considered renewable, since it can be easily obtained from bioethanol, which is produced from biomass through a dehydration process. The vegetable oils evaluated in the mixtures with DEE were castor oil, which is inedible, and sunflower oil, used as a standard reference for waste cooking oil. In order to meet European petrodiesel standard EN 590, a study of the more relevant rheological properties of biofuels obtained from the DEE/vegetable oil double blends has been performed. The incorporation of fossil diesel to these double blends gives rise to diesel/DEE/vegetable oil triple blends, which exhibited suitable rheological properties to be able to operate in conventional diesel engines. These blends have been tested in a conventional diesel engine, operating as an electricity generator. The efficiency, consumption and smoke emissions in the engine have been measured. The results reveal that a substitution of fossil diesel up to 40% by volume can be achieved, independently of the SVO employed. Moreover, a significant reduction in the emission levels of pollutants and better cold flow properties has been also obtained with all blends tested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine

et al. 2020

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“…That is the reason why the rest of the options are more popular in research. Nevertheless, new trends are currently being considered for the direct use of crude or residual glycerol, such as its use as an additive to produce biohydrogen by the anaerobic biodigestion of cassava wastewater [39]; • Preventing its production: In this case, other derivatives of glycerol are produced during transesterification by different means, resulting in interesting compounds, such as glycerol triacetate (Glyperol), glycerol carbonate (DMC-Biod), and monoglyceride (Ecodiesel), which contribute to a better atom yield during the transesterification of fatty acids [40,41]; • Purification: As abovementioned, crude glycerol has low prices, with its purification being expensive for small companies. This fact can explain the existence of the two previous options mentioned, and the research related to glycerol purification to develop a cheaper and more competitive process.…”

Section: Treatment or Management Of Crude Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Glycerol Catalytic Valorization: A Review

et al. 2020

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Once a biorefinery is ready to operate, the main processed materials need to be completely evaluated in terms of many different factors, including disposal regulations, technological limitations of installation, the market, and other societal considerations. In biorefinery, glycerol is the main by-product, representing around 10% of biodiesel production. In the last few decades, the large-scale production of biodiesel and glycerol has promoted research on a wide range of strategies in an attempt to valorize this by-product, with its transformation into added value chemicals being the strategy that exhibits the most promising route. Among them, C3 compounds obtained from routes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, esterification, etc. represent an alternative to petroleum-based routes for chemicals such as acrolein, propanediols, or carboxylic acids of interest for the polymer industry. Another widely studied and developed strategy includes processes such as reforming or pyrolysis for energy, clean fuels, and materials such as activated carbon. This review covers recent advances in catalysts used in the most promising strategies considering both chemicals and energy or fuel obtention. Due to the large variety in biorefinery industries, several potential emergent valorization routes are briefly summarized.

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“…It is not even necessary to separate the unreacted DMC, since it can be used as an additive for fossil diesel, due to the high oxygen content of the molecule. In fact, the DMC is attracting the interest of researchers due to the increasing importance of environmental and resource issues to the realization of a sustainable society through a green chemistry activity development [243][244][245][246][247][248][249].…”

Section: Biodiesel-like Biofuels That Integrate the Glycerol As Glycementioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

et al. 2019

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The delay in the energy transition, focused in the replacement of fossil diesel with biodiesel, is mainly caused by the need of reducing the costs associated to the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol. This reaction, on an industrial scale, presents several problems associated with the glycerol generated during the process. The costs to eliminate this glycerol have to be added to the implicit cost of using seed oil as raw material. Recently, several alternative methods to convert vegetable oils into high quality diesel fuels, which avoid the glycerol generation, are being under development, such as Gliperol, DMC-Biod, or Ecodiesel. Besides, there are renewable diesel fuels known as “green diesel”, obtained by several catalytic processes (cracking or pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreating) of vegetable oils and which exhibit a lot of similarities with fossil fuels. Likewise, it has also been addressed as a novel strategy, the use of straight vegetable oils in blends with various plant-based sources such as alcohols, vegetable oils, and several organic compounds that are renewable and biodegradable. These plant-based sources are capable of achieving the effective reduction of the viscosity of the blends, allowing their use in combustion ignition engines. The aim of this review is to evaluate the real possibilities that conventional biodiesel has in order to success as the main biofuel for the energy transition, as well as the use of alternative biofuels that can take part in the energy transition in a successful way.

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Environmentally-Benign Dimethyl Carbonate-Mediated Production of Chemicals and Biofuels from Renewable Bio-Oil

Cited by 30 publications

References 92 publications

Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine

Diethyl Ether as an Oxygenated Additive for Fossil Diesel/Vegetable Oil Blends: Evaluation of Performance and Emission Quality of Triple Blends on a Diesel Engine

Recent Advances in Glycerol Catalytic Valorization: A Review

Biodiesel at the Crossroads: A Critical Review

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