Simultaneous determination of three neonicotinoid insecticide residues and their metabolite in cucumbers and soil by QuEChERS clean up and liquid chromatography with diode-array detection

Abstract

A new method was developed for the simultaneous determination of three neonicotinoid insecticides with their metabolite in cucumbers and soil based on QuEChERS as a pretreatment procedure.

Simultaneous determination of residues of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in tobacco leaf and soil using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

“…The average recoveries of clothianidin in fresh tobacco leaf, soil and cured tobacco leaf ranged from 75.04 to 86.33%, from 77.24 to 86.40%, and from 89.83 to 97.84%, respectively, with intra‐day RSDs of 1.39–8.10% and inter‐day RSDs of 3.22–7.12%. The established analytical methods were more accurate and suitable for the detection of the two analytes in the complex green and cured tobacco leaf matrices than the previous methods which detected the residue levels of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in other matrices (Campillo et al, ; Farouk et al, ; Rahman et al, ). According to the necessary requirements of SANTE/11945/2015 (National Food Administration, ), the recovery and RSD data demonstrated that the developed method showed satisfactory performance and was reproducible for the detection of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in fresh tobacco leaf, soil and cured tobacco leaf.…”

“…In recent years, various analytical methods have been reported for the determination of thiamethoxam or clothianidin in agro‐products and environmental samples, including high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Vichapong, Burakham, & Srijaranai, , ; Farouk, Hussein, & El‐Azab, ), liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC–MS; Yáñez, Bernal, Nozal, Martín, & Bernal, ), liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS; Lee et al, ; Campillo, Viñas, Férez‐Melgarejo, & Hernández‐Córdoba, ; Yamamuro, Ohta, Aoyama, & Watanabe, ; Zheng et al, ; Hao, Noestheden, Zhao, & Morse, ) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS; Xiao, Yang, Li, Fan, & Ding, ; Zhang et al, ; David, Botías, Abdul‐Sada, Goulson, & Hill, ; Sadaria, Supowit, & Halden, ). For instance, Farouk et al () developed an HPLC method to determine thiamethoxam and clothianidin in cucumbers and soil with a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) pretreatment procedure, with average recoveries between 99.07% and 101.45%. Yáñez et al () used solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and an LC–MS method to analyze seven neonicotinoid insecticides, including thiamethoxam and clothianidin, in beeswax, a method that was precise and accurate with recovery values of 85–105%.…”

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for determining dinotefuran and its main metabolites in samples of plants, animal‐derived foods, soil, and water

“…The extraction process is a limiting factor in pesticide residue analysis in complex matrixes at low concentrations . ACN has been successfully used for the extraction of dinotefuran, but not involving metabolites from tea and cucumber . Kamel found that 2% triethylamine in ACN provides good recoveries of dinotefuran and UF, but unstable recovery of DN.…”

“…Moreover, the Codex Alimentarius Commission specified that the MRLs for dinotefuran are defined for a combination of the parent compound and two metabolites, 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) urea (UF) and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) guanidine (DN) [6]. However, to date, most of the analytical methods have focused on the parent compound [7][8][9][10], and only a few reports have determined the metabolite levels using QuEChERS or SPE combined with LC-MS/MS [11][12][13][14] or HPLC [15] in agricultural products (tea, plum, and melon) [11,14,15], bee products (pollen and honey) [12], and environmental samples (water and soil) [13]. SPE is time consuming [12,15], and recovery of DN was poor or not detected in some papers [11][12][13].…”

Comprehensive two-dimensional ion chromatography (2D-IC) coupled to a post-column photochemical fluorescence detection system for determination of neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and clothianidin) in food samples

“…Neonicotinoids (NNI) are structurally similar to nicotine and belong to the class of neurotoxic pesticides. Since the commercialization of imidacloprid in 1985, neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used with an approximate cost of 600 million Euros per year against a variety of biting and sucking insects including whiteies, beetles, aphids and Lepidoptera species [1][2][3][4] and 60% is used in seed treatments. 5 The neonicotinoids work as an agonist of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which reduces acetylcholinesterase transmission by binding to the post synaptic receptors in the nervous system of living species including insects and humans.…”